Structural and social inequities greatly impacted the mental and physical health of Latinx and Indigenous Mexican populations Hispanic/Latino immigrants in rural communities in the COVID-19 pandemic. These populations experienced disproportionate infection and mortality rates, exacerbated by existing structural and social inequities, creating unique stressors that negatively impacted community members' mental health. Limited financial resources, lack of healthcare infrastructure, fear of deportation, and stigma shaped decisions to access mental healthcare services. The historical economic instability, social isolation, and limited healthcare access experienced by this group set the stage for the challenges they faced throughout the pandemic.

Between September 2022 and June 2024, qualitative, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 participants, focusing on their mental health experiences during the pandemic. The socioecological model was used as a conceptual framework to contextualize findings with multiple spheres of influence.

At the macro level, structural inequities such as precarious labor, exclusionary immigration policies, and underinvestment in rural regions, set the stage for pandemic-related stressors such as isolation, loss, and misinformation. At the individual level, fear of deportation and stigma surrounding mental health discouraged help-seeking behaviors. These intersecting influences underscore the socioecological determinants that shaped mental health care access among rural Latinx and Indigenous Mexican communities.

Structural interventions are needed to reduce inequities, rebuild trust, and improve access to mental healthcare services in underserved, rural populations.

Trans young people report lower levels of physical activity than their cisgender peers, with one in four limiting exercise participation due to their gender. Exercise provision within gender-affirming services represents an underexplored strategy to support health and wellbeing. To inform the development of collaborative and responsive programs, this study engaged stakeholders-including trans young people, parents, and healthcare providers-to explore exercise experiences, beliefs, barriers, and support needs.

Participants were recruited through networks of trans youth, families, and professionals working in trans healthcare across Australia. Twenty individuals participated (six trans and gender diverse young people, two parents, and 12 healthcare providers). Semi-structured interviews were conducted and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis to identify patterns of shared meaning across accounts.

Four themes were developed; navigating intersectionality in adolescence; binary nature of community sport and physical activity spaces; external pressures and societal marginalisation shaping participation; and inclusive exercise as a reimagined social practice.

Findings highlight the need for structural and cultural change within sport and exercise environments to better support trans young people's physical activity participation. Embedding inclusive, gender-affirming exercise models within multidisciplinary services may enhance access, sustained engagement, and wellbeing, while providing a foundation for future research evaluating exercise-based health interventions.

Burnout and compassion fatigue are prevalent among healthcare professionals, prompting interest in well-being interventions. This study aimed to understand how staff perceive the support of Comfort Corner - a chaplain-led program - on resilience, provision of care, team engagement, and turnover, and to describe the self-care behaviors among Comfort Corner attendees. A sample of convenience included 384 completed surveys. Among the respondents, there were high levels of mental (80%), emotional (77%), and physical (82%) fatigue. Most (59%) continue to practice self-care strategies outside of hospital hours to sustain wellbeing. Nearly all agreed Comfort Corner enhanced self-care knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSA) (90%), resilience (88%), mood (97%), clarity (90%), and energy (92%). A majority (87%) reported safer care provision and 90% cited better teamwork. Of importance, 23% identified Comfort Corner as a factor in their decision to remain in the hospital. Survey respondents value the support from Comfort Corner. Additional longitudinal studies are needed to understand Comfort Corner's action mechanisms and its indirect effects on patient outcomes.

An individual's chronotype reflects their intrinsic circadian rhythm preference and is closely associated with cognitive function and mental health. However, the relationship between chronotype and whole-brain morphological structural network organization remains unclear. This study aims to explore differences in the topological organization characteristics of morphometric similarity networks (MSNs) among healthy young adults of different chronotypes from a graph theory perspective. We employed a novel Morphometric INverse Divergence (MIND) method, which is more sensitive to subtle morphological differences, to construct individual-level brain MSNs. This method aggregates morphological metrics (cortical thickness, mean curvature, sulcal depth, surface area, gray matter volume) from all vertices within each cortical region to form a regional multivariate distribution. Subsequently, a k-nearest neighbor density algorithm constructs a pairwise distance matrix, and symmetric Kullback-Leibler divergence between regional multivariate distributions quantifies similarity among cortical regions. Using high-resolution Glasser atlas, medium-resolution Destrieux atlas, and low-resolution Desikan-Killiany atlas, MIND networks were constructed for 68 healthy young individuals with early chronotype (EC) and 68 with late chronotype (LC) patterns. We calculated the area under the curve (AUC) for multiple graph-theoretic metrics, including small-world properties, across varying sparsity levels in weighted networks, followed by intergroup comparisons and correlation analyses. Analysis based on the Destrieux atlas revealed that EC participants exhibited significantly higher AUC of Small-World Properties (AUC-SWP) compared to LC participants (P = 0.0045), and this metric showed a significant negative correlation with ChQ-ME scores (rs = -0.2114, P = 0.0135). When using the Desikan-Killiany atlas and the Glasser atlas, the aforementioned intergroup differences and correlations were not detected (P > 0.05). These findings suggest that an individual's chronotype correlates with the topological organization of brain MSNs. This association was detected specifically when using the medium-resolution Destrieux atlas, while was not found with either the lower-resolution Desikan-Killiany atlas or the higher-resolution Glasser atlas under the conditions of this study. This pattern indicates that chronotype-related brain differences may operate at an optimal spatial scale, where brain parcellation strikes a balance between signal integration and anatomical specificity. The results support a model of distributed, subtle morphological alterations that together form a detectable "weak signal" network. This study presented a novel spatial-scale perspective on the relationship between brain structure and circadian rhythms.

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into digital mental health tools, yet their role in substance use disorder (SUD) interventions remains poorly understood. This review synthesizes emerging evidence on the opportunities and risks of applying LLMs across the digital SUD care continuum.

Studies report promising applications in early detection, personalized support, continuous monitoring, and relapse prevention. LLMs demonstrate capacity to extract substance-use signals from natural language, generate supportive and motivational responses, and interpret narrative data for patient-reported outcomes. However, risks are substantial. LLMs can produce inaccurate or hallucinated content, may reinforce stigma or demographic bias, and can generate misleading or potentially unsafe advice. Privacy concerns are amplified in SUD contexts, where sensitive data are often managed outside regulated healthcare systems. Existing regulatory frameworks such as the EU AI Act or U.S. device regulations, do not yet provide clear governance for anonymous, AI-supported SUD interventions.

LLMs have potential to expand scalable, low-threshold support for SUDs, but their safe deployment requires validation, bias mitigation, transparent data governance, and robust human oversight. Evidence remains preliminary, and clinical integration should proceed cautiously.

The old oncology approach, which considered the clinical and performance status as the most relevant diseases course and well-being indexes, has been recently replaced by a care system also focusing on a person's characteristics and needs. This study analyzed the role of physical symptoms, illness awareness, individual activities and social contexts on anxious/depressive symptoms and mental health in localized (LP) and advanced/metastatic (AMP) cancer patients.

Socio-demographic and medical information was gathered. The Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire, Hospital and Depression Anxiety Scale, and Mental Health Continuum Short-Form were administered.

One hundred and thirteen patients, 75 LP and 38 AMP, aged 27-82, were enrolled. Unique patterns of difficulties and resources emerged at different stages of cancer. AMP reported a worse quality of life in perceived illness persistence and treatments control, anxious/depressive symptoms, and psychological well-being. In LP, higher levels of anxious/depressive symptoms were associated with lack of hobbies, and higher perceived illness control was linked to higher mental health. LP did not report higher well-being than AMP. No significant differences in flourishing persons distributions were detected among groups. A multivariable model showed that the independent presence of pain and partner influenced higher levels of mental health more in AMP than in LP.

Tailored intervention should enhance individuals' mental health and active resources mobilization.

Cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) is a relational, time-limited psychotherapy primarily evidenced to support adults with emotional and relational difficulties. The extent of evidence for CAT in younger populations is not known. This paper aimed to collate all published articles describing CAT with under-18-year-olds and establish feasibility and effectiveness of CAT in this population. An initial systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE, PsycINFO and CINAHL databases, with a second search using key terms and author names in the Association for Cognitive Analytic Therapy website bibliography.

Thirty-seven articles were found to meet the inclusion criteria, 11 of which contained quantitative studies. Articles described CAT as individual therapy for young people or their parents, group therapy and consultation frameworks for staff and parents.

The limited evidence published on CAT in under-18-year-olds suggests that it is feasible and accessible. Further randomised controlled studies and publication of practice-based outcomes are required.

Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), an essential enzyme in the synthesis of pro-inflammatory prostanoids from arachidonic acid, is widely expressed in the brain, primarily in microglia. Previous studies from our laboratory found that the novel positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand [¹¹C]PS13 has excellent in vivo selectivity for constitutively expressed COX-1 in human brain. This study sought to further evaluate the effects of age and sex on levels of constitutive COX-1 expression in the brains of 56 healthy volunteers. COX-1 density in the brain measured by [¹¹C]PS13 PET showed a significant positive correlation with age in the whole brain, as well as in regions with the highest COX-1 expression, such as the hippocampus, lateral occipital cortex, and pericentral cortex. No significant sex differences were observed in any regions. Consistent findings were observed regardless of partial volume correction (PVC), while overall statistical significance was enhanced with PVC. In conclusion, the present study found that constitutive COX-1 binding in the brain, which is associated with microglial density, increased with age with no significant sex differences. The physiological roles of COX-1 in these regions and its potential contributions to the aging process remain largely unknown, and further investigation is warranted. Clinical trial registration information: NCT03324646; NCT04396873 in ClinicalTrials.gov.

The decriminalization of suicide under Section 115 of the Mental Healthcare Act (MHCA), 2017 marked a paradigm shift in India, reframing suicide attempts as manifestations of severe stress requiring care rather than punishment. However, gaps in clinician awareness and ambiguity regarding medico-legal responsibilities may hinder effective implementation of the law in clinical settings. This study aimed to assess non-psychiatric clinicians' awareness and attitudes regarding the decriminalization of suicide under the MHCA, 2017, and to explore potential implementation gaps.

A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among 134 clinicians from non-psychiatric departments at a tertiary-care center in central India. A structured, self-administered questionnaire assessed sociodemographic characteristics, awareness of legal provisions related to decriminalization, and attitudes toward its impact on stigma, help-seeking, and clinical practice. Descriptive statistics were computed, and subgroup comparisons based on years of clinical experience (≤1 year vs. >1 year) were performed using the chi-square test.

Most clinicians were aware that suicide has been decriminalized in India (76.1%) and that individuals attempting suicide are presumed to be under severe stress (84.3%). Nearly four-fifths (79.1%) recognized the government's obligation to provide care and rehabilitation. However, 80.6% believed that reporting suicide attempts to legal authorities remains mandatory, and only 51.5% were aware of professional immunity from civil or criminal liability. Attitudes toward decriminalization were largely positive: 55.2% agreed that it reduces stigma, 56.8% felt it encourages help-seeking, and 88.8% reported a greater likelihood of psychiatric referral following decriminalization. Subgroup analysis did not reveal significant differences across experience levels.

Non-psychiatric clinicians demonstrated generally favorable awareness and supportive attitudes toward the decriminalization of suicide. However, persistent misconceptions regarding medico-legal obligations suggest an implementation gap. Targeted training, legal-literacy initiatives, and clear institutional protocols are needed to ensure consistent, rights-based care in alignment with the MHCA 2017.