Mothers of children with neuropsychiatric disorders, such as autism and mental health disorders, are at risk for posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) due to exposure to trauma related to their children's upbringing. Additionally, research suggests that these mothers may develop affiliate stigma, meaning they internalise the stigmatisation associated with their children, which may further heighten their vulnerability to trauma. However, this supposition has not yet been tested. Bridging this knowledge gap, this cross-sectional study explored the role of affiliate stigma in the relationship between the number of traumatic events and PTSS in mothers of children with autism and mental health disorders. An online survey was conducted among Israeli mothers using self-report measures. The sample consisted of 1448 mothers: 208 mothers of children with autism or mental health disorders, and 1240 mothers of children without disabilities. Results indicated that mothers of children with autism or mental health disorders were exposed to a greater number of traumatic events and exhibited elevated PTSS compared to mothers of children without disabilities. Affiliate stigma was associated with PTSS and moderated the relationship between the number of traumatic events and intrusion and hyperarousal symptoms: although the number of traumatic events explained increased intrusion and hyperarousal symptoms, this effect was stronger under conditions of high affiliate stigma. The present results suggest that mothers of children with neuropsychiatric disorders who internalise stigmatisation regarding their children may be particularly vulnerable to posttraumatic distress. Therefore, clinical interventions targeting affiliate stigma may be imperative for this population.

United Nations SDG 3 highlights the need for healthy life and promotes mental well-being at all ages. Given the growing significance of mental health and its declining status among emerging adults, it is imperative to reevaluate the biopsychosocial (BPS) model.

A cross-sectional research design was employed to analyse biological, social, and psychological components of health. The biological component was assessed through the Reaction Time test (Psychopy Version 2024.2.5). Resilience, personality, and overall mental health in the psychological domain were assessed through the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), Behaviour Inhibition and Behaviour Activation System (BIS-BAS) Scale, and Mental Health Continuum (MHC) Scale, respectively. The social component was assessed through the Multidimensional Scale for Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Through convenience sampling, 333 private university students (115 males and 218 females) with a mean age of (20.3 + 1.8) years were recruited for the study.

The results of this study indicated no associations between the biological and the psychological components, but the biological variable was associated with the family component of perceived social support (rs = - 0.155, p = 0.004). There were also associations between the psychological and social components of the BPS model (MSPSS with MHC (rs = 0.37, p < 0.001) and BRS (rs = 0.19, p < 0.001). Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that only BAS Drive and BAS Fun Seeking were predictors of Reaction Time (RT) (f² ≈ 0.06). This could be because (RT) is a response based on activation, and the task did not reward the individual.

The findings indicate the need to develop individualised interventions and healthcare plans that enhance wellness among emerging adults, thereby contributing to SDG 3: Good Health & Well-being.

Mood monitoring and ambulatory assessment offer improvements in measuring mood and behavior for mental health research and clinical practice. However, concerns about adverse effects and usability may hinder their implementation.

This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the prevalence of adverse events, barriers and facilitators to use, and suggestions for improvement in quantitative mood monitoring studies involving people with depression and bipolar disorder.

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 77 quantitative studies that used mood monitoring or ambulatory assessment in depression and bipolar disorder, assessing adverse events, barriers and facilitators to use, and suggestions for improvement. Adverse events data were pooled to identify prevalence.

Of the 77 studies, 15 (19%) reported adverse events, and 20 (26%) reported usability issues. Pooled prevalence of adverse events was 0.04 (95% CI 0.03-0.06; P<.001). Specific adverse effects included increased burden or stress (0.04, 95% CI 0.02-0.07; P<.001), mood worsening (0.02, 95% CI 0.01-0.02; P=.001), self-harm (0.05, 95% CI-0.02 to 0.10; P=.007), and hospitalization (0.06, 95% CI 0.04-0.09; P=.26). The top facilitators were perceived helpfulness and ease of use, the top barriers included technical challenges and the time-consuming nature of the interventions, and the top suggested improvement was personalization.

A small number of mood monitoring or ambulatory assessment users experienced negative psychological effects; however, we were unable to infer causality. Due to the severe underreporting of adverse events as well as heterogeneity and publication bias in the included studies, there was limited certainty in the prevalence, duration, and severity of these adverse events. More systematic monitoring of adverse events is needed to optimize safety and usability. Many mood monitoring protocols may require additional development to decrease adverse events and improve acceptability.

Digital mental health interventions are often described in terms of their contribution to cost-effectiveness or innovation. Instead, many clients and professionals in mental healthcare seem to value the human connection highly. To implement technology in ways that align with values held by clients and professionals, a value-based framework for technology use in mental healthcare could be promising. The current study explores whether values of clients and professionals in mental healthcare match a framework of compassion, and whether this framework could be a suitable foundation for the implementation of digital mental health interventions.

We conducted semi-structured interviews with 5 (former) clients and 15 professionals in mental healthcare. Values of both clients and professionals were analyzed inductively, and deductively linked to a compassion framework. Professionals were asked whether their values were congruent with their organization's approach to technology. We coded their answers as matches and mismatches, and described the themes developed in both categories.

Values held by clients and professionals showed many connections with the compassion framework. Clients highly valued feeling heard and understood, humanity, and openness from the professional. Professionals highly valued helping people, personalization, and offering transparency. Examples of how technology use could enhance or detract from compassion according to participants were also produced. Professionals experienced a match with their values if they felt that their organizations focused the adoption of technology on the client's autonomy or meeting treatment needs. They experienced a mismatch if they felt that their organizations were more focused on financial benefit or a technology push.

Compassion seems a promising framework for integrating technology in mental healthcare in value-sensitive ways.

Background The purpose of this educational intervention was to introduce trainees to the core competencies of disaster preparedness/resource allocation/mass casualty incident (MCI) command and event medicine. This innovative learning activity involving trainees from different programs teaches effective techniques of how to apply triage algorithms, such as Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment (START), in a mass casualty event. Educational objectives After participation in this educational session, learners were expected to be able to define a mass casualty incident (MCI) and discuss the unique challenges inherent to mass casualty incidents and disaster/event medicine, differentiate between day-to-day triage and triage during a mass casualty incident, and apply the components of Simple Triage and Rapid Transport (START) for mass casualty incidents. Curricular design The scenario was a music festival. A group of residents were granted backstage access to tour the concert grounds and medical tent. During the facility tour, the operations director (Proctor #2) radios the tour guide (Proctor #1) to let them know of an emergency crowd stampede due to unapproved pyrotechnics causing a fire; the medical tent suddenly became flooded with patients. "Patients" were trainees who received a laminated card labeled with vital signs and mental status and were transported one at a time to the tent. Residents ran over to the tent, performed triage, and then selected two of the most critical patients for air transport. The station leader documented the accuracy of each team. Winners were selected based on time of completion and accuracy of correctly triaging patients. For every incorrect triage, a 30-second penalty was added. Incorrectly triaged patient cards were debriefed in detail. Impact/effectiveness This activity engages learners both physically and mentally, necessitating everyone to be active. The impact was measured by a post-activity survey, accessed via QR at the station. Of the participants, 93% reported feeling better prepared to manage a real-life MCI. Further, 98% reported that START triage better motivated them to learn. In addition, 96% reported that this activity challenged them more than other learning activities. Verbal feedback included appreciation for the innovative activity design and being able to get some exercise.

"El salto" is a culturally embedded somatic expression of distress generally experienced as a sudden "jump" or churning in the upper abdomen. This phenomenon is common in Spanish-speaking Caribbean communities but is not formally recognized in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5); however, it parallels Hispanic cultural syndromes such as ataque de nervios, nervios, and susto. The present case describes an 87‑year‑old Cuban‑American woman with newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease who presented with moderate depression and anxiety assessed via Patient Health Questionnaire‑9 (score of 12) and General Anxiety Disorder‑7 (score of 11) and lifelong episodes of "el salto" during stress, which she and her community viewed as a normative cultural experience rather than a psychiatric symptom. Only through detailed questioning and the use of the Cultural Formulation Interview (a structured cultural psychiatric interview tool provided in the DSM-5) did she reveal that "el salto" had framed her understanding of distress since adolescence. Integration of her explanatory model with biopsychosocial insights led to a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder, and a treatment plan of escitalopram and bupropion was initiated. This case underscores how "el salto," shaped by linguistic relativity and the influence of cultural norms on somatic expression, can delay recognition of treatable mood and anxiety disorders. Clinicians should routinely elicit culturally specific idioms of distress to avoid misdiagnosis, improve rapport, and deliver culturally responsive care. Future research should validate "el salto" across broader Hispanic cohorts and develop tailored screening tools.

Participation in physical activity is considered an important factor not only for individuals' physical health but also for their psychological well-being. Developing physical activity habits, especially among university-aged individuals, plays a critical role in long-term health outcomes. In this context, the impact of physical activity enjoyment on individuals' mental well-being has become a topic of interest. However, the moderating role of individual differences, particularly gender, in this relationship has not yet been sufficiently clarified. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between physical activity enjoyment and mental well-being among university students and to reveal the moderating effect of gender on this relationship.

The research was conducted using a relational screening model. The study group consisted of 392 university students (261 male and 131 female; mean age = 22.95 ± 2.58) from Sakarya University of Applied Sciences who participated in campus recreation activities. Data were collected via a face-to-face survey using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale and the Mental Well-being Scale. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, and regression-based moderation analysis using PROCESS Macro Model 1 were used in the statistical analysis.

The level of enjoyment of physical activity was found to have a significant positive effect on mental well-being (r = 0.427, p = 0.001; F = 50.388, p < 0.001; R ² = 0.280). Moderation analysis further showed that gender significantly moderated this relationship (ΔR ² = 0.049; p < 0.001). The effect of enjoyment on mental well-being was significant for both males (β = 0.2693; S.E. = 0.0348; p < 0.001; 95% CI [0.2010, 0.3377]) and females (β = 0.7913; S.E. = 0.0949; p < 0.001; 95% CI [0.6047, 0.9780]), with the effect being stronger among females.

The findings show that considering gender-sensitive approaches in physical activity programs to be implemented on university campuses has a potential impact on improving the psychological well-being of students.

Most studies evaluate sleep quality at a single time point, and few have employed repeated measurements to investigate this association. This longitudinal research investigated changes in sleep quality patterns among older adults and examined their relationship with the onset of osteoporosis.

We analyzed data from two prospective cohorts: Participants comprised 4,328 individuals from the English Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSA) and 9,132 from the U.S. Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Sleep quality was quantified using standardized sleep quality scores, and trajectories were determined based on baseline and follow-up assessments. Changes in sleep quality status were categorized to reflect persistent, improving, or deteriorating patterns. Associations between sleep quality trajectories and osteoporosis incidence were examined using Cox proportional hazards regression models.

At baseline, sleep quality was significantly associated with the prevalence of osteoporosis in both datasets (ELSA: HR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.08-1.15; HRS: HR = 1.1, 95% CI: 1.07-1.13). During the follow-up period, compared with participants with persistently good sleep quality, those with persistently poor sleep quality had a significantly increased risk of osteoporosis (ELSA: HR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.47-2.44; HRS: HR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.26-1.82).

Poor sleep trajectories significantly increase osteoporosis risk, suggesting sleep improvement may help prevent bone loss. These consistent findings across two cohorts support sleep-focused interventions as a potential osteoporosis prevention strategy.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) shows a large heterogeneity in antidepressant treatment outcome, a variability explained in part by common-variant liability captured by polygenic scores (PGSs). We performed a review of PubMed- and Google Scholar-indexed studies that related any PGS to treatment response, remission or resistance in adult MDD. Thirty-nine investigations met inclusion criteria. MDD-PGS emerged as the most consistently replicated predictor, each standard deviation increase raising non-remission odds by ∼10-14 % across six European trials and two biobank analyses. Schizophrenia genetic liability (SCZ-PGS) was uniformly detrimental under monoaminergic monotherapy (OR∼2.2 for top quintile) while possibly associated with improvement to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) or lithium augmentation. Bipolar disorder PGS predicted faster lithium response (HR∼1.5), while attention-deficit/hyperactivity-disorder PGS was reliably associated with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) in multiple studies. PGSs for coronary-artery disease and stroke similarly reduced antidepressant efficacy and doubled TRD odds. Across traits, individual PGSs generally explained <1 % of outcome variance, but multi-omic models integrating pharmacokinetic alleles, inflammatory markers and clinical covariates reached 8-12 %. Methodological barriers include ancestry bias (>85 % European), heterogeneous phenotyping and small discovery cohorts. Even so, PGSs may support pathway-specific treatment modifiers and justify prospective trials of genotype-guided lithium, ECT or augmentation with drugs modulating inflammation-metabolism. Scalable precision psychiatry will require multi-ancestry discovery, harmonised longitudinal outcomes and equitable implementation frameworks, but current evidence signals a realistic path from genomic insight to stratified care.

Mental health conditions, particularly symptoms of anxiety and depression among women of reproductive age, constitute a substantial public health burden. However, comprehensive studies on these issues are scarce in Mozambique.

This study aims to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with depression and anxiety symptoms among Mozambican women of reproductive age using nationally representative data.

We analyzed data from the 2022-23 Mozambique Demographic and Health Survey, including a sample of 13,183 women aged 15-49. Depression and anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify associated factors, and a concentration curve was employed to assess wealth-related inequality of mental health conditions.

Depression symptoms were reported by 10 % (95 % CI: 9.5-10.7) of women, while 11 % (95 % CI: 10.5-11.7) reported anxiety symptoms. Older age, skilled professions, and pregnancy were associated with higher odds of depression and anxiety symptoms. Conversely, women from wealthier households who engaged in agricultural work and had greater household decision-making power showed lower odds. Geographically, women in Nampula province had significantly higher odds, whereas those in Gaza province had lower odds. Also, significant wealth-related inequality was observed, with lower socioeconomic groups having higher mental health conditions.

These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted interventions addressing socioeconomic and geographic disparities in mental health among Mozambican women. Efforts should focus on improving access to mental health services and integrating mental health care into broader public health strategies.