Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) activate antitumor immunity by targeting immune checkpoint molecules such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1), and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). They have emerged as a key therapeutic modality for multiple malignancies. Nevertheless, excessive immune activation may trigger a spectrum of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Though uncommon, uveitis is a sight-threatening irAEs that can result in permanent visual loss. The risk and prognostic outcomes of ICIs-associated uveitis remain poorly defined to date. Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis to systematically assess the correlation of ICIs therapy with uveitis risk and prognosis, with the goal of providing evidence-based recommendations for clinical identification and management of this ocular complication.

We searched PubMed, Embase and Web of Science for cohort studies investigating the association between ICIs therapy and uveitis risk as well as prognosis. The search period was from the database inception to March 2026. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed with the Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I). The meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan software.

In total, five studies comprising 277,790 participants were finally included. The meta-analysis revealed that ICIs therapy was associated with a significantly higher risk of uveitis (HR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.46 - 3.51, P = 0.0003). However, no statistically significant association was observed between ICIs-associated uveitis and overall survival in the pooled analysis of two studies (HR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.35 - 1.39, P = 0.30);this finding is based on limited evidence and should be interpreted with caution.

Current evidence indicates that ICIs therapy was associated with an increased risk of uveitis. However, existing evidence regarding the impact of ICIs-associated uveitis on overall survival is of very low certainty and associated with a high risk of bias, which precludes drawing reliable conclusions. Large-scale prospective multicenter real-world cohort studies are therefore warranted. Such studies should implement standardized ophthalmological assessments and uniform outcome definitions, systematically record anatomical subtypes and severity grades of uveitis, and clarify the relationships between these subtypes/grades and oncologic prognosis as well as systemic immune-related toxicity. Study outcomes should be reported stratified according to cancer type, and further research is required to explore biomarker-based risk prediction.

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420261341882, identifier CRD420261341882.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has transformed the treatment of relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma, with overall response rates in real-world practice broadly comparable to those in pivotal clinical trials. However, progression-free survival is consistently shorter in real-world cohorts, suggesting that baseline disease characteristics may influence long-term outcomes more than initial treatment sensitivity. This review examines the role of baseline Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) features as predictors of response and survival after CAR T-cell therapy in lymphoma. We synthesize the evidence on established imaging predictors, including total metabolic tumor volume, extranodal disease distribution and site-specific organ involvement, and bulky disease, and discuss emerging biomarkers such as body composition metrics. Despite a growing body of evidence linking these imaging features to outcomes, clinical adoption has been limited by heterogeneous measurement methodologies, inconsistent definitions, and a lack of prospective validation. We propose practical considerations for structured baseline imaging assessment, including a reporting checklist designed to ensure systematic documentation of the imaging features with demonstrated or emerging prognostic relevance. By moving beyond descriptive staging toward structured, predictive baseline imaging evaluation, radiologists and lymphoma clinicians may improve pretreatment risk stratification and facilitate more informed therapeutic decision-making in the expanding landscape of CAR T-cell therapy.

Bulky tumor (T ≥ 50 mm) significantly compromises treatment outcomes in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) due to excessive tumor burden. Bronchial arterial chemoembolization (BACE) serves as an effective local intervention for reducing tumor size. The combination of immunotherapy and BACE has shown promising efficacy and an acceptable safety profile. However, the effectiveness of this combined regimen in patients with bulky tumors has not been thoroughly investigated.

We conducted a retrospective analysis of 68 patients with advanced NSCLC (IIIB-IVB) who suffered from bulky tumors. Based on first-line treatment, patients were divided into two groups: those who received tislelizumab plus BACE followed by tislelizumab and systemic chemotherapy (Group A, n=34), and those who received tislelizumab plus chemotherapy alone (Group B, n=34). Outcomes included objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety. Prognostic factors for PFS were identified using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses.

The ORR was significantly higher in Group A than in Group B (79.41% [27/34] vs 44.12% [15/34], p = 0.006). A significant improvement in median progression-free survival (PFS) was observed in Group A relative to Group B (12.47 months vs 7.73 months, HR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.30-0.99, p = 0.024). There was no statistically significant difference in median OS between the two groups (20.73 months vs 19.63 months, HR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.31-1.31, p = 0.071). Multivariate analysis identified the sequential treatment strategy (HR: 2.1, 95% CI:1.13-3.904, p = 0.019) and tumor diameter (HR: 2.263, 95% CI:1.077-4.755, p = 0.031) as independent favorable predictors of PFS. The most frequent grade 3 or higher treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) included neutropenia (17.65% in group A vs 14.71% in group B), anemia (11.76% vs 17.65%, respectively), and thrombocytopenia (14.71% vs 17.65%, respectively). Regarding BACE-related adverse events, chest pain was reported in one patient (2.94%) in group A, and treatment-related transient cough occurred in four patients (11.76%), all of which were grade 1.

In our cohort of patients with bulky tumors, this sequential strategy was associated with a favorable objective response rate and prolonged median progression-free survival, while maintaining a manageable safety profile.

To investigate the influence of lymph node dissection on the prognosis of unresectable locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC) after conversion immunochemotherapy (CICT).

A total of 287 patients, including 227 from Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital and an external validation cohort of 60 patients (15 from Peking Union Medical College Hospital, 20 from Beijing Friendship Hospital, and 25 from PLA General Hospital) with pathologically diagnosed unresectable primary LAGC (cT3~4N+) underwent radical gastrectomy after multidisciplinary evaluation conversion immunochemotherapy (CICT) were enrolled, and their clinical data were collected. According to the pathological data of patients' baseline data set, a clinical prediction model of patients' overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) was established, and based on COX regression model, the critical value of the number of lymph node dissection was determined by restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis.

Univariate and multivariate COX regression analysis showed that lymph node metastasis (ypN+) was an independent risk factor for OS (P = 0.030) and PFS (P = 0.002). According to the results of COX regression analysis, the prediction model was established. RCS curve showed that the critical number of lymph node dissection was 21 and 28. Patients with 21-28 lymph node dissection had the best OS and PFS. Compared with the patients with 21-28 lymph nodes dissection, the patients with less than 21 lymph nodes dissection had worse OS (P<0.001) and PFS (P = 0.002). Those with more than 28 lymph nodes isolated had worse OS(P = 0.043) and PFS (P = 0.027). The PFS of patients with more than 28 lymph nodes dissection was better than the patients with less than 21lymph nodes dissection (P = 0.031). Although the difference was not statistically significant, the total OS of patients with more than 28 lymph nodes dissection was still higher than that of patients with less than 21 lymph nodes dissection (P = 0.077).

Among patients after CICT, lymph node metastasis (ypN+) is an independent risk factor for the prognosis of patients. The survival benefit of patients with less than 21 lymph node dissection is significantly reduced, while those with more than 28 lymph node dissection are less than 21-28 lymph node dissection.

T lymphocytes, essential components of the adaptive immune system, orchestrate pathogen-specific responses and long-term immunological memory through heterogeneous subsets with distinct functional properties and spatial distributions. This comprehensive review delineates the origin, distribution, and functional specialization of long-lasting T cell subsets-naive T cells (Tn), stem cell-like memory T cells (Tscm), central memory T cells (Tcm), effector memory T cells (Tem), and tissue-resident memory T cells (Trm)-across physiological and pathological contexts, with a particular focus on aging and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We further dissect the complex intertwined mechanisms underlying immunosenescence and NSCLC pathogenesis. Elucidating how aging remodels T cell maintenance, tissue tropism and metabolic adaptation provides a conceptual framework for developing targeted therapeutic interventions against NSCLC.

Pituitary tumors (PT) constitute the second most frequent intracranial tumor. A subset of PT can behave aggressively despite multimodal treatment. Hallmarks such as cellular senescence, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and stemness have been implicated in tumor progression, but their role in PT pathogenesis remains is unclear.

We performed spatial transcriptomics (ST) in dopamine agonist resistant prolactin secreting PT, as well as single nucleus RNAseq (snRNAseq) in growth hormone secreting and non-functioning of gonadotropic differentiation PT to describe the senescence, proliferative and stemness landscapes. Bioinformatic analyses included clustering, senescence scoring (SenePy), cell cycle inference (ccAFv2), differentiation potential (CytoTRACE2), and EMT signature evaluation. Primary tumor cell cultures were established to validate senescence (β-galactosidase activity) and to assess the senolytic effect of dasatinib.

All PT included in the study were transcriptomically heterogeneous, showing between three and ten transcriptional clusters. Senescence analysis reveals two main clusters regardless of PT lineage: One with a high and the other one with low senescence score. Most spots contain terminally differentiated cells at phase G1/G0 of the cell cycle. Distinct alteration in different signaling pathways were found in clusters with low senescence score: PI3K-cascade-FGFR1 and inositol phosphate metabolism among prolactin secreting tumors, phosphatidyl inositol signaling system and serine/threonine kinase activity the in GH-secreting PT, sphingolipid signaling pathway and serine/threonine kinase alterations among non-functioning of gonadotropic differentiation PT. Dasatinib treatment of primary cell cultures of pituitary tumors of different lineages showed significant dose-dependent cell death, accompanied by caspase-3/7 activation and morphological changes consistent with apoptosis.

Our data show that PT may contain senescent and terminally differentiated cells without any EMT evidence, and dasatinib could represent an alternative for therapy resistant PT.

The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the differences in early- and delayed-phase maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) and lesion volume on ^99mTc-sestamibi (99mTc-MIBI) SPECT/CT between parathyroid adenoma (PA) and parathyroid hyperplasia (PH) in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT).

A total of 111 patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD5) undergoing hemodialysis were enrolled in this study. All patients underwent preoperative ^99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT scintigraphy for the detection and localization of parathyroid lesions. Quantitative SPECT/CT was performed after planar imaging, and the SUVmax and volume of each positive parathyroid lesions were measured on SPECT/CT. Linear mixed-effects models accounting for within-patient clustering were used to compare parameters between PA and PH, with further adjustment for lesion volume. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the discriminative ability of these parameters.

After adjustment for within-patient clustering, PA lesions showed significantly higher early-phase SUVmax (β = 1.473, P < 0.001), delayed-phase SUVmax (β = 0.745, P < 0.001), and lesion volume (β = 0.571, P < 0.001) than PH lesions. After further adjustment for lesion volume, the difference in early-phase SUVmax remained significant (β = 0.542, P = 0.034), whereas the difference in delayed-phase SUVmax was no longer significant (P = 0.404). Lesion volume was strongly associated with both early- and delayed-phase SUVmax (both P < 0.001). A ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) for early-phase SUVmax and lesion volume was 0.612 and 0.621, respectively, for distinguishing PA from PH.

Lesion volume is a major determinant of ^99mTc-MIBI uptake in SHPT, while early-phase SUVmax remains independently different after adjustment for volume. When combined with clinical presentation and other examinations, early-phase SUVmax may provide complementary biological information for graft selection.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) poses a significant public health challenge in China because of high mortality and increasing incidence, necessitating an analysis of its burden from 1990 to 2023 to inform future prevention.

Using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2023, we estimated absolute numbers, age-standardized rates (ASRs), and age-stratified crude rates. Joinpoint regression was employed to calculate average annual percentage changes (AAPCs). We quantified the burden attributable to specific risk factors and conducted a segmented analysis to compare trends between the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods. All estimates are presented with 95% uncertainty interval (UI).

In 2023, China was estimated to have 118,381 incident PC cases (95% UI 103,773-135,339), 114,949 deaths (95% UI 101,214-131,619), 102,845 prevalent cases (95% UI 89,758-117,757), and 2,765,626 DALYs (95% UI 2,455,494-3,137,032). The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and age-standardized disability-adjusted life year rate (ASDR) remained stable. The age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) increased slightly (AAPC 0.38%, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.70). The burden was consistently higher in males than in females. Age-specific analysis highlighted rising incidence rates in both 15-49 years and ≥75 years age groups. In 2023, high fasting plasma glucose (HFPG) accounted for a higher attributable burden than smoking. Pandemic-era sensitivity analysis suggested a possible change in the direction of ASIR and ASMR trends after 2019, but the observed post-2019 increases were not statistically significant and require further validation.

The increasing absolute burden was mainly associated with population aging, while risk-attributable analysis suggested a growing contribution of metabolic factors. Prevention strategies should integrate metabolic management to tackle the dual challenges of an aging society and emerging risks in younger people.

Uterine artery embolization (UAE) is a minimally invasive therapeutic option for adenomyosis (AM). However, its clinical effectiveness in patients with comorbid gynecologic disorders remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of UAE in AM patients with or without concomitant uterine fibroids (UFs) or ovarian endometrioma (OE).

A total of 243 women with AM who underwent UAE were retrospectively enrolled, including 141 patients with AM alone, 71 with concomitant UFs, and 31 with concomitant OE. Based on clinical response, 193 patients were classified as having effective treatment outcomes and 50 as ineffective. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded. Symptom severity scale (SSS), health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and numerical rating scale (NRS) scores were assessed preoperatively, at 3 months after UAE, and at the last follow-up.

Significant differences in baseline age and cancer antigen 125 (CA125) levels were observed among the three groups (p < 0.05). Postoperatively, all groups showed significant reductions in SSS and NRS scores, as well as significant improvements in HRQOL scores, at both 3 months and the end of follow-up compared with baseline (all p < 0.001). At the final follow-up, patients in the AM + OE group exhibited significantly higher SSS and NRS scores as well as significantly lower HRQOL scores compared with the other two groups (p < 0.05). In contrast, no significant differences were observed between the simple AM and AM + UFs groups. Patients in the effective group were significantly older, had higher parity, lower CA125 levels, and showed a higher incidence of concomitant UFs but a lower incidence of OE compared with the ineffective group (all p < 0.05). HRQOL scores were significantly higher, and NRS scores were significantly lower in the effective group than in the ineffective group at both postoperative time points (all p < 0.001). The overall clinical efficacy rate was 79.42%, with no significant difference between the simple AM and AM + UFs groups (80.85% vs 88.73%, p_a = 0.15). However, the clinical efficacy rate was significantly lower in the AM + OE group (51.61%) than in both the simple AM (80.85%, p = 0.001) and AM + UFs (88.73%, p < 0.001) groups. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that concomitant OE was associated with an increased risk of treatment failure following UAE.

UAE effectively alleviates symptoms and improves quality of life in patients with AM, particularly in those with isolated AM or concomitant UFs. However, clinical outcomes are less favorable in patients with concomitant OE, suggesting the need for individualized therapeutic strategies in this subgroup.

Elderly patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) generally experience inferior treatment outcomes compared to the younger population. Understanding the complex interplay among age, treatment modalities, and clinical outcomes is critical for developing evidence-based clinical guidelines for this demographic. This study aimed to evaluate treatment patterns, compliance, and clinical outcomes in elderly NPC patients within a real-world setting.

We retrospectively included elderly patients (≥65 years) with NPC who received radiotherapy between January 2015 and December 2022. The primary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Statistical analyses were performed using the chi-square test, Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazards model.

A total of 95 patients were included. Forty-two patients (44.2%) received induction chemotherapy (IC) followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT), 22 patients (23.2%) received CCRT alone, and 31 patients (32.6%) underwent radiotherapy alone. The CCRT completion rates were comparable between the IC group (64.3%) and the non-IC group (68.2%) (p = 0.755). Notably, 91 patients (95.7%) completed the recommended course of radiotherapy. The 5-year PFS and OS rates were 54.9% and 66.2%, respectively. Multivariate analysis identified age, gender, Adult Comorbidity Evaluation-27 score, Epstein-Barr Virus-deoxyribonucleic acid status, and treatment modality as independent prognostic factors. The results of multivariate prognostic analysis also showed that patients who did not receive CCRT had worse PFS (p = 0.029) and OS (p = 0.005) compared to those who received CCRT. However, no significant differences in PFS (p = 0.274) and OS (p = 0.594) were observed between the IC+CCRT and CCRT alone groups.

Despite high adherence to recommended radiotherapy regimens, survival outcomes in elderly NPC patients remain suboptimal. Our findings indicate that CCRT significantly improves survival compared to radiotherapy alone. However, the addition of IC to CCRT did not confer a survival benefit over CCRT alone. These findings underscore the importance of individualized treatment planning and the necessity of considering the comprehensive health status of elderly NPC patients in clinical practice.