Depemokimab is the first ultra-long-acting biologic with enhanced interleukin-5 (IL-5) binding affinity, high potency, and extended half-life, enabling twice-yearly dosing. Depemokimab has demonstrated efficacy and safety in patients with asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. These analyses aimed to characterize the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) profile of depemokimab. Data from three Phase I studies (NCT03287310/NCT05140200/NCT05602025) and four Phase III studies (SWIFT-1/-2: NCT04719832/NCT04718103; ANCHOR-1/-2: NCT05274750/NCT05281523) were used to develop a PK model for depemokimab and PK/PD model for blood eosinophil count (BEC) reduction, a key biomarker of type 2 inflammation. Participants received subcutaneous depemokimab or placebo (one dose in Phase I [2-300 mg in NCT03287310; 100 mg or 300 mg in NCT05140200/NCT05602025] and two 100 mg doses in Phase III) and ≥1 post-first-dose PK/PD (BEC) observation. PK analysis included 961 participants and PK/PD analysis included 1324 participants. Predicted geometric mean half-life was 47 days, with negligible accumulation in PK. Depemokimab 100 mg rapidly reduced BEC to <25% of baseline, with a small increase observed at the end of the 26-week dosing interval. No clinically relevant covariates were identified for either model. All participants had trough depemokimab concentrations above the half maximal effective concentration (EC₅₀) at the end of the dosing interval (90% above the EC₉₀ level). PK/PD modeling showed that single-dose depemokimab 100 mg provides durable BEC reduction throughout a 26-week dosing interval, suggesting sustained suppression of IL-5 activity. These data support twice-yearly recommended dosing for depemokimab 100 mg, with no dose adjustments required based on intrinsic or extrinsic factors.

People with dementia and their caregivers experience significant psychological distress, which may increase their vulnerability to trauma across the dementia diagnostic and caregiving trajectory. Specialist dementia helplines offer immediate emotional support, information, and signposting; however, little empirical evidence exists about how call handlers account for potential trauma in their responses.

This study aimed to examine the extent to which call handlers' responses on the United Kingdom's only 24-hour dementia helpline reflected trauma-informed (TI) principles of safety, trust, choice, collaboration, and empowerment and to describe caller characteristics and reasons for contact during the COVID-19 pandemic.

No participants were actively recruited. Instead, the study analyzed 198 anonymized, routinely collected helpline call logs (out of 200 randomly selected) drawn from 7357 calls received by Alzheimer Scotland's 24-hour helpline between April 2020 and April 2021. A retrospective deductive framework analysis mapped narrative summaries to 5 TI principles (safety, trustworthiness and transparency, choice, collaboration, and empowerment). Double‑coding and calibration were undertaken in line with established guidance on intercoder reliability for qualitative research. Descriptive statistics summarized caller characteristics and theme frequencies; no inferential testing was conducted due to the exploratory nature of the analysis, sample properties, and the subjective nature of theme ratings.

Most calls were made during daytime hours (159/198, 79.5%) and were made by carers, family members, or friends (n=179, 89.5%). Emotional support was the most frequently recorded reason for contact (91 instances), followed by carer stress (66 instances) and information on caring (51 instances). Across call handlers' responses, collaboration (126/179, 70.4%) and empowerment (108/179, 60.3%) were the most frequently observed TI principles, followed by safety (105/179, 58.7%), choice (66/179, 37.4%), and trust (56/179, 31.3%). Safety-focused responses were more prevalent in nighttime calls than daytime calls (76.9% vs 56%). Illustrative call log excerpts demonstrated empathetic listening, validation, shared problem-solving, and signposting practices aligned with TI principles.

In this exploratory retrospective evaluation, responses from a national dementia helpline commonly reflected TI principles, despite call handlers receiving primarily awareness-level TI content within their wider role preparation. Findings should be interpreted as descriptive and hypothesis-generating because they are based on call log summaries rather than recorded interactions and were obtained within the unique context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results suggest that TI principles may be feasible and relevant in dementia helpline services and highlight the potential value of more structured approaches to TI workforce development. Future prospective research incorporating richer data sources such as recorded calls and call-reported outcomes is warranted to support service development and evaluation.

Human adenovirus (HAdV) is an important cause of respiratory infections, yet community-level burden estimates remain limited. We aimed to estimate post-pandemic HAdV burden in China. Using nationwide respiratory pathogen surveillance data and a multiplier model, we estimated the incidence of HAdV infections, symptomatic illnesses (SI), and medically attended illnesses (MAI) in China from 2023 to 2024. Age-, species-, and province-specific analyses were conducted. Uncertainty was assessed using Monte Carlo simulations. We estimated 44.21 million HAdV infections (95% UI, 26.68-77.08 million) over the 19-month study period, corresponding to an average monthly incidence of 1.58 per 1000 persons (95% UI, 1.01-2.61), equivalent to an annualized incidence of 18.96 per 1000 persons (95% UI, 12.12-31.32). The estimated average monthly incidences of SI and MAI were 0.41 (95% UI, 0.30-0.57) and 0.30 (95% UI, 0.21-0.40) per 1000 persons, corresponding to annualized incidences of 4.92 (95% UI, 3.60-6.84) and 3.60 (95% UI, 2.52-4.80) per 1000 persons, respectively. Children aged 0-4 years had the highest average monthly incidence (16.66 [95% UI, 10.26-28.54] per 1000 persons). HAdV species B showed higher incidence than species C among children aged 5-14 years. The highest incidence rates occurred in several south-central and southwestern provinces, including Hunan, Guangxi, Hubei, Guangdong, and Yunnan. HAdV imposed a substantial and under-recognized respiratory disease burden in China during the post-pandemic period. Children experienced the highest burden, and marked species-specific and geographic heterogeneity were observed. These findings provide community-based evidence to inform adenovirus surveillance and respiratory disease control strategies in China.

The COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to widespread fatigue among workers, posing a significant challenge to occupational health. Grounded in Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, this study examines the association between pandemic-related fatigue and job satisfaction and investigates whether economic security serves as a moderating factor.

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among employed residents in Ningbo, China, shortly after the lifting of COVID-19 restrictions. Data were collected using a COVID-19 Occupational Health Impact Questionnaire, which included demographic characteristics, COVID-19 history, employment status, the Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS), a multidimensional Economic Security Index, and a job satisfaction measure. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess associations and statistical interactions (moderation effects).

Among 1,938 participants included in the final analysis (retention rate: 98.5% of completed questionnaires), fatigue was significantly associated with lower job satisfaction (adjusted odds ratios (OR) = 0.27, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.22-0.34, p < 0.001). Although economic security was positively associated with job satisfaction (OR = 2.92, 95% CI: 2.39-3.58, p < 0.001), it did not significantly moderate the association between fatigue and job satisfaction (P for interaction = 0.458). The association between fatigue and lower job satisfaction was consistent across both economically secure (OR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.24-0.44) and economically insecure (OR = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.10-0.65) subgroups.

Fatigue is strongly associated with job dissatisfaction. In this cross-sectional study, we did not find evidence that economic security moderated this association. These findings suggest that fatigue is strongly associated with job dissatisfaction across economic strata. Future research should examine whether workplace fatigue mitigation strategies are associated with in protecting employee well-being in the post-pandemic era.

U.S. Veterans experience a high burden of COVID-19; characterizing immune responses associated with COVID-19 outcomes could help improve treatment. Changes in peripheral blood cytokines over time may predict both acute outcomes and long COVID symptoms.

Cytokine concentrations were quantified from peripheral blood collected 0-7 days (early) and 14-42 days (post-acute) after enrollment from SARS-CoV-2 positive participants in the EPIC³ study, a prospective, longitudinal cohort following U.S. Veterans. Responses were correlated with Veterans Affairs Severity Index for COVID-19 criteria and chronic symptoms with the modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea scale, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Cognitive function, and PROMIS Fatigue scores 3 months after enrollment (60-135 days). Trends in cytokine concentration with COVID-19 severity were assessed. Odds of COVID-19 severity and long-term symptoms were estimated with logistic regression adjusted for sex, age, and morbidity. Longitudinal changes in cytokine concentration were examined for participants sampled during both time periods, by severity and long-term symptom group.

Early HGF, IL-18, IL-1RA, IP-10, and VEGF-A and post-acute MIP-1α and VEGF-A concentrations trended positively with increasing COVID-19 severity (q-values < 0.05, Jonckheere-Terpstra trend test). Increases in EGF, MIP-1β, and RANTES concentration and decreases in MIP-1α concentration over time were associated with mild rather than moderate or severe disease. Increases in MIP-1β and RANTES concentration and decreases in Eotaxin concentration over time were associated with the absence of long-term symptoms.

Worse COVID-19 severity by 30 days was associated with higher early and post-acute period cytokine concentrations. Participants with long-term symptoms did not see resolution of cytokine responses over time.

Hyperuricemia, a precursor to gout and a risk factor for various cardiometabolic and renal disorders, is influenced by a complex interplay of lifestyle, physiological, and environmental factors. This study aimed to investigate the independent and combined effects of a sedentary lifestyle and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on hyperuricemia.

We analyzed data from 14,808 participants aged 40-80 years in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2019-2022). Sedentary lifestyle was defined based on daily sedentary time, categorized as ≤6 or >6 h/day. OSA risk was assessed using the STOP-Bang questionnaire (Snoring, Tiredness, Observed apnea, blood Pressure, Body mass index, Age, Neck circumference, Gender), classifying participants into high- and low-risk groups. Hyperuricemia was defined as serum uric acid levels ≥7.0 mg/dL in males and ≥6.0 mg/dL in females. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using multiple logistic regression, and interaction effects were evaluated through relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attributable proportion (AP), and synergy index (SI).

Sedentary time [AOR = 1.16 (95% CI: 1.04-1.29)] was independently associated with increased hyperuricemia risk. High OSA risk was associated with hyperuricemia in the partially adjusted model [AOR = 1.94 (95% CI: 1.71-2.19)], although this association was attenuated and no longer statistically significant after further adjustment for variables incorporated into the STOP-Bang questionnaire [AOR = 1.12 (95% CI: 0.98-1.28)]. A significant synergistic interaction was evident when both coexisted [RERI = 0.14 (95% CI: 0.08-0.19), AP = 0.17 (95% CI: 0.09-0.25), SI = 1.17 (95% CI: 1.01-1.37)].

These findings highlight the need for integrated screening and management strategies targeting sedentary lifestyles and OSA to mitigate hyperuricemia and its associated health burdens in at-risk populations.

Hyperglycemia has increasingly been recognized among individuals recovering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); the host factors contributing to heterogeneous metabolic outcomes remain poorly understood. This cohort study investigated the association between innate immune genetic polymorphisms and hyperglycemia in post-COVID-19 patients. A total of 471 adults with previous mild-to-moderate COVID-19 were enrolled through the post-COVID follow-up program at Siriraj Hospital, Thailand, and classified as normoglycemic (HbA1c < 5.7%, n = 252) or hyperglycemic (HbA1c ≥ 5.7%, n = 219). Clinical characteristics, metabolic parameters, inflammatory biomarkers, and immunological measurements were collected during follow-up. Genotyping was performed using the Axiom Human Genotyping SARS-CoV-2 Research Array, focusing on candidate polymorphisms in innate immune-related genes. Associations between genetic variants and hyperglycemia were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression adjusted for age, body mass index, and underlying comorbidities. Participants with hyperglycemia were significantly older and had higher body mass index, greater prevalence of cardiometabolic comorbidities, elevated C-reactive protein levels, and higher LDL cholesterol compared with normoglycemic individuals. Significant associations were identified in NOS2 and CCL2. The NOS2 rs4795067 variant was associated with increased odds of hyperglycemia (adjusted OR = 1.770, 95% CI: 1.137-2.756, p = 0.011), whereas rs35051118 showed a protective effect (adjusted OR = 0.613, 95% CI: 0.386-0.975, p = 0.039). In CCL2, rs28730833 was strongly associated with hyperglycemia (adjusted OR = 2.977, 95% CI: 1.349-6.572, p = 0.007). These findings suggest that innate immune genetic variation may contribute to hyperglycemia in post-COVID-19 patients, although independent validation is required.

Acute respiratory failure (ARF) may develop in some patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), resulting in a significantly increased mortality rate. Early identification of high-risk patients is essential for improving prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of inflammatory and immune markers for acute respiratory failure in patients with community-acquired pneumonia.

This single-center retrospective cohort study included 334 patients with community-acquired pneumonia admitted at Zhuji Sixth People's Hospital, between January 2021 and December 2024. Patients were divided into a CAP-only (non-event) group and a CAP-ARF (event) group based on the development of acute respiratory failure. Inflammatory markers (white blood cell count, neutrophil count, tumor necrosis factor-α, etc.) and immune markers (complement components 3 and 4[C3andC4], immunoglobulins A and G [IgAand IgG], etc.) were collected within 24 hours of admission. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent predictive factors, and the predictive performance of individual and combined indicators was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

Multivariate analysis showed that elevated white blood cell count, neutrophil count, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels were independent risk factors for acute respiratory failure, while decreased levels of complement C3 and C4, and IgA and IgG, were independent protective factors. The combined predictive model incorporating these indicators demonstrated excellent predictive performance for acute respiratory failure, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.853.

In patients with community-acquired pneumonia, inflammatory and immune markers exhibit significant predictive value for the development of acute respiratory failure. A combined assessment of white blood cell count, neutrophil count, tumor necrosis factor-α, complement C3 and C4, and IgA and IgG may facilitate early identification of high-risk patients and inform clinical decision-making.

Patients with ischemic stroke are prone to developing respiratory tract infections, which can seriously affect prognosis. The objective of this study was to assess the association of the serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) with the occurrence of respiratory tract infection, and to determine whether these biomarkers are independently associated with infection risk.

A total of 140 patients with ischemic stroke admitted to The Fifth People's Hospital of Jinan between January 2024 and September 2025 were enrolled. Based on the presence or absence of respiratory tract infection, patients were divided into an infection group (n = 41) and a non-infection group (n = 99). Blood samples were collected within 24 hours after admission. Serum IL-6, TNF-α, and HIF-1α levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Baseline characteristics were compared between the two groups. Point-biserial correlation and univariate logistic regression were used to assess the relationships between inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-α, HIF-1α) and respiratory tract infection, followed by multivariate logistic regression to identify independent influencing factors.

There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of age, gender, body mass index, smoking and drinking history, hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, hyperlipidemia, infarction site, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, mean respiratory rate, or mean oxygen saturation (p > 0.05). Serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and HIF-1α were significantly higher in the infection group than in the non-infection group (p < 0.001). Point-biserial correlation analysis revealed that IL-6, TNF-α, and HIF-1α were positively correlated with respiratory tract infection (r = 0.695, 0.738, and 0.655, respectively; p < 0.001). Univariate logistic regression indicated that all three biomarkers were influencing factors of respiratory tract infection (p < 0.001), and multivariate logistic regression confirmed them as independent influencing factors (p < 0.05).

Elevated serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and HIF-1α are significantly associated with respiratory tract infection in patients with ischemic stroke. However, this association does not imply a causal relationship, and the observed increases in these inflammatory markers may reflect a consequence of infection rather than independent risk factors. Early monitoring of these biomarkers may help identify patients with increased risk of developing infection and facilitate timely clinical assessment and intervention to improve outcomes.

Armed conflicts can deteriorate environmental conditions, including air quality, yet their short-term health implications remain underexplored. This study assessed the impact of the 2024 Beirut conflict on air pollution and associated respiratory and dermatological risks.

Satellite-derived air pollution concentrations for Beirut's Southern Suburbs were compared between the pre-war period (Aug. 1-Sep. 22, 2024) and the war period (Sep. 23-Nov. 29, 2024), using Mann-Whitney U and independent t-tests. Ground-level PM_2.5 was measured across 5 sites from October 25 to November 3, 2024. Relative risk (RR) and attributable risk percentage (AR%) for hospital admissions were estimated using exposure-response functions from the Beirut Air Pollution and Health Effects (BAPHE) study. WHO's AirQ+ tool was applied for the validation of respiratory outcomes.

Median PM_2.5 increased from 15.11 μg/m³ pre-war satellite period to 20.21 μg/m³ during the war. Ground-measured wartime median increased from 19.33 μg/m³ to 22.16 μg/m³ in the direct war zone (DWZ). Wartime respiratory admissions increased modestly (RR = 1.011, AR% = 1.13%) in DWZ, while skin disease admissions were higher in DWZ (RR = 1.032, AR% = 3.10%). AirQ+ estimates were aligned with BAPHE-based findings.

The 2024 Beirut conflict elevated air pollution, with measurable short-term health impacts, underscoring the need for environmental monitoring and preparedness during armed conflicts.