Strengthening undergraduate psychiatry training is important to prepare Indian Medical Graduates to identify and manage common psychiatric conditions. The objective of this review was to map the extent, nature, and characteristics of the evidence on undergraduate psychiatry training in India, with emphasis on curricular models, stakeholder perspectives, assessment practices, and implementation challenges.

This scoping review used the Population-Concept-Context framework and followed established scoping review guidance. PubMed, Web of Science, and OpenAlex were searched from inception to April 7, 2026. Supplementary searching included Google Scholar, hand-searching of key Indian journals, screening of reference lists, and review of relevant regulatory and professional documents. Eligible sources included empirical studies, reviews, curricula, and policy documents on undergraduate psychiatry training in India involving MBBS students and interns.

Fifty-five reports were included. The evidence showed a shift from a limited time-based curriculum to a more structured competency-based framework under the National Medical Commission. Brief clinical postings and interactive teaching improved knowledge, attitudes, and perceived self-efficacy, but stigma, hidden curriculum effects, and low examination stakes persisted. Assessment practices have diversified, yet psychiatry remains underrepresented in high-stakes summative assessment, creating a certification gap. Major barriers included faculty shortages, infrastructure constraints, and variable institutional support, while faculty development and local curricular innovations emerged as facilitators.

Undergraduate psychiatry training in India is becoming more competency-oriented and pedagogically diverse, but major gaps remain in assessment alignment, prioritization, and implementation capacity.

Depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide and disproportionately affects women during the perinatal period. Although Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) is supported as an effective treatment, access to IPT in routine care remains limited.

This project implemented a nurse-led virtual IPT intervention and compared outcomes between group and individual formats to evaluate the feasibility of this intervention for improving care quality.

This quality improvement project was conducted at the Maternal Outpatient Mental Health Services (MOMS) Clinic in Los Angeles, California. Eighteen perinatal women experiencing depressive and/or anxiety symptoms elected to participate in either virtual group or individual IPT sessions over nine weeks, with an optional in-person final group session. Outcome measures included the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Duke-UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire (FSSQ). Statistical analyses included paired and independent t-tests and correlation analyses.

Both group and individual IPT formats demonstrated significant improvements in depressive and anxiety symptoms. Across the sample, BDI-II scores decreased by an average of 10.2 points and GAD-7 scores by 5.9 points. Perceived social support improved in both groups, with slightly higher gains in the individual IPT group, although differences between formats were not statistically significant. Qualitative feedback reflected high satisfaction, emotional support, and strengthened interpersonal relationships.

Nurse-led virtual IPT, offered in either group or individual formats, is feasible for improving depression and anxiety care quality among perinatal women. These findings support incorporating nurse-led IPT into perinatal care and highlight the utility of virtual models to expand care access.

Adolescence is a critical period for the onset of mental health problems and risky behaviors such as substance use. Although culturally adapted evidence-based programs (EBPs) are promising for prevention, the barriers and facilitators shaping adaptation remain underexplored, particularly from a multisectoral perspective.

This study examines the barriers and facilitators involved in the cultural adaptation of prevention programs targeting adolescent substance use and common mental health problems.

A qualitative secondary analysis was conducted using inductive qualitative content analysis of 22 semi-structured interviews with actors from three quadruple helix sectors: 6 Academia, 6 Nongovernmental organizations, and 10 Public administration, across multiple countries. Participants were recruited through stakeholder mapping, purposive-convenience sampling, and snowball recruitment based on their roles in adapting, implementing, evaluating, or funding prevention programs. Limited recruitment in the business sector led to its exclusion from the analytic sample.

Cultural adaptation was hindered by a weak prevention culture, limited and contextually mismatched EBP uptake, conceptual and methodological ambiguity, weak evaluation, limited or unstable resources, political and institutional instability and burden, and difficulties with collaboration, knowledge transfer, and initial engagement with the target population. It was facilitated by recognition of the culture's importance, institutional and policy alignment, evidence-based and collaborative funding criteria, intersectoral synergy and collaboration with target populations, and practical supports for engagement.

Cultural adaptation is a systemic and relational process shaped by methodological, organizational, institutional, and intersectoral conditions. Strengthening it requires practical methodological support, institutional and policy commitment, and sustained participatory and cross-sector approaches.

Research suggests that adolescents belonging to equity-deserving populations often experience pronounced health consequences due to barriers they face at the intersection of their social identities. Our study examined how current cannabis use varies among ethno-racial groups by gender identities.

Cross-sectional data from 68,533 adolescents in the 2022/2023 COMPASS survey were analyzed. Logistic regression analysis using generalized estimating equations (GEEs) was conducted to determine the likelihood of current cannabis use among diverse ethno-racial groups stratified by gender identities. All models accounted for clustering by province, and were adjusted for age, perceived relative affluence, current binge drinking, and current e-cigarette use.

Among cisgender girls, the highest risk group for current cannabis use were Multiethnic (aOR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.18-1.35), Black/African and Caribbean (aOR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.04-1.07), and "other ethno-racial group" (aOR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.43-1.67) youth relative to White/European cisgender girls; the lowest risk group included East Asian, South Asian, Southeast Asian youth. Cisgender boys displayed similar risk profiles to cisgender girls. However, current cannabis use was significantly more likely among all racialized transgender and gender-diverse youth, except for Southwest Asian and North African, and Southeast Asian youth, relative to their White/European counterparts.

Current cannabis use risk profiles varied by ethno-racial and gender identities. The findings suggest that culturally tailored education and prevention approaches incorporating an intersectional lens are warranted to address cannabis use among adolescents at risk.

Among Veterans with traumatic brain injury (TBI) who received a cognitive rehabilitation referral, we sought to describe rates of referral completion (ie, Veteran attends the initial encounter). Second, we examined nonclinical factors associated with referral completion.

Veterans Health Administration (VHA).

Veterans with 1) clinician-confirmed TBI determined using the Comprehensive TBI Evaluation database and 2) a cognitive rehabilitation referral, determined using a validated algorithm (n = 19,923 mild TBI [mTBI]; n = 3797 moderate-severe TBI).

Retrospective cohort study of VHA medical record data. Modified Poisson regression was used to model the likelihood of completing a cognitive rehabilitation referral based on nonclinical predisposing (eg, age) and enabling (eg, homelessness) factors. All analyses were stratified by TBI severity (mTBI vs. moderate-severe TBI).

Completed cognitive rehabilitation referrals (no/yes), identified in the VHA electronic medical record. Cognitive rehabilitation referrals are documented as "complete" when the Veteran attends an initial encounter with the provider who receives the referral.

The proportion of Veterans who completed their cognitive rehabilitation referral was similar across severities, with 69% of Veterans with mTBI and 68% of Veterans with moderate-severe TBI completing the referral. Veterans with mTBI who were older, married, and those who identified as students/homemakers/volunteers or unemployed and not looking (vs. employed) were more likely to complete the referral. Among Veterans with moderate-severe TBI, history of homelessness was associated with a reduced likelihood of completing a cognitive rehabilitation referral.

While most Veterans with TBI initiate cognitive rehabilitation after receipt of a referral, a notable portion do not, suggesting missed opportunities for beneficial services in this population. Furthermore, patient factors such as age, marital status, employment status, and history of homelessness were associated with referral completion. Findings lay the foundation for system-level strategies that facilitate engagement with cognitive rehabilitation among Veterans with TBI.

Parental anxiety is a significant risk factor for child anxiety, yet evidence-based support remains inaccessible to most. The predecessor 'Parenting with Anxiety' (PWA) RCT evaluated an unguided online intervention across 1800 parents and demonstrated effectiveness but reached a homogeneous sample with only 19% completing all modules.

To explore whether community embedding and brief therapist support could broaden reach and improve engagement.

A quasi-experimental design of 28 eligible parents (96% female; 46% from minoritised ethnic backgrounds; 50% experiencing financial hardship) were self-allocated to therapist-support (n = 13) or self-guided (n = 15) conditions. Primary outcomes were acceptability and engagement (logins; modules accessed and completed). Parental and child anxiety were assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and six-month follow-up using paired measures (n = 11).

In total, 80% of self-guided participants never logged in versus 31% of therapist-support participants; as arms differed in recruitment pathway, this cannot be attributed to therapist support alone. Therapist-support parents reported high satisfaction and parental anxiety improved reliably in four of 11 participants at post-intervention and four at follow-up, with none reliably deteriorating. Child anxiety showed no consistent pattern.

Community-embedded, therapist-supported PWA delivery was feasible, acceptable, and associated with higher engagement, though self-selection and the small sample preclude causal interpretation.

Oropouche virus (OROV), an emerging orthobunyavirus in the Americas, has historically been associated with self-limited febrile illness in endemic Amazon basin regions. However, recent epidemiological updates from the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) and World Health Organization (WHO) document a marked increase in case counts and geographic expansion, with over 16,000 confirmed cases reported in 2024 and continued transmission across multiple countries in 2025, including regions where transmission had not been previously recognized. The detection of cases in the Caribbean, Central America, and imported infections in North America and Europe underscores its evolving epidemiological profile and growing global relevance. In parallel with this expansion, neurological involvement-including meningitis and encephalitis-has been reported in a subset of patients. Experimental and ex vivo studies demonstrate neural permissiveness and suggest the capacity for interaction with central nervous system (CNS) tissue. Based on established principles of viral neuroimmunology, a conservative conceptual framework is proposed linking acute neuroimmune activation during OROV infection to potential neurological manifestations. Although long-term neurological sequelae have not been systematically characterized, existing clinical observations and biological mechanisms provide plausibility for further investigation. This framework is intended to generate testable hypotheses and guide prospective studies rather than establish causality.

Rates of psychiatric medications prescribed to U.S. youth have increased substantially and stakeholders are increasingly concerned. We tested the feasibility of a novel intervention that combines shared decision making and a structured deprescribing protocol during routine outpatient care with youth. Five clinicians delivered the intervention to youth 6 to 17 years old receiving three or more psychiatric medications or an off-label antipsychotic. Families completed assessments at baseline, 18- and 30-weeks. We collected data via surveys, medical records, and qualitative interviews. We enrolled 31 youth, 29 received the intervention, and 13 of the 29 (45%) chose to deprescribe. Eleven of those 13 reduced their dose or stopped completely; 2 returned to their original dose. Of the 13 that agreed to deprescribe, the mean dose-weighted medication use reduced from 3.9 (SD=1.38) to 2.9 (SD=1.41), and the mean number of medication reactions reduced from 1.3 (SD=2.21) to 0.3 (SD=0.48). In the 16 participants who chose not to deprescribe, the mean dose-weighted medication use and medication reactions reduced from 3.4 (SD=0.89) to 3.2 (SD=1.32) and 0.6 (SD=0.89) to 0.0 (SD=0.0), respectively. Youth functioning remained similar across groups. There were no study-related serious adverse events. Clinicians and caregivers considered the intervention feasible, valuable, and effective. Our intervention and procedures were feasible in real-world community settings. The intervention shows promising findings related to safety and effectiveness. Trial registration: Our study was retrospectively registered with ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT # pending.