Sickle cell disease (SCD) and thalassemia are genetic disorders that necessitate accurate diagnosis for effective management and improved patient outcomes. The advent of nanotechnology has paved the way for innovative, precise detection methods, offering enhanced sensitivity and specificity. The present systematic review aims to assess the analytical performance of nanotechnology-based detection methods for SCD and thalassemia, with a focus on evaluating the analytical performance and identifying the most sensitive nanotechnology-based techniques. An extensive literature search was conducted across five databases (ScienceDirect, PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar), yielding 23 studies that met the inclusion criteria. These studies showcased the potential of nanotechnology-based methods for detecting SCD and thalassemia. The studies utilized diverse samples, including blood, serum, genomic DNA, and purchased oligonucleotides, with most reporting limit of detection (LOD) values. Specifically, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) exhibited exceptional sensitivity, with detection limits ranging from 2.6 aM to 0.035 pM. Surface modification and functionalization of AuNPs significantly enhance their detection capabilities. Other nanostructures, including silver nanoparticles, quantum dots, and graphene quantum dots, also demonstrate promising diagnostic capabilities. The results showed that nanotechnology-based methods demonstrated improved analytical sensitivity, with LOD ranging from 2.6 aM to 50 nM. This systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of the analytical performance of nanotechnology-based detection methods, shedding light on their potential to revolutionize diagnosis and treatment. Overall, it highlights the transformative potential of nanotechnology in improving molecular diagnostic accuracy for SCD and thalassemia.

Objective: To analyze the association of the urinary molybdenum level with diabetes in adults aged ≥18 years in China. Methods: A total of 10 893 adults aged 18-79 years were included from the first round of cross-sectional survey of China National Human Biomonitoring (2017-2018). Fasting venous blood and midcourse random urine samples were collected from them to detect the levels of serum fasting blood glucose and urinary molybdenum. Through physical examination and questionnaire survey, information about their demographic characteristics, dietary frequency, lifestyle and health status were collected. Restricted cubic spline function was used to analyze the dose-response relationship between urinary molybdenum level and the prevalence of diabetes. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between urinary molybdenum level and the prevalence of diabetes. Results: The weighted age of the study participants was (47.42±0.24) years, and 1 125 study participants were diagnosed with diabetes (the weighted prevalence rate: 10.72%). The weighted M(IQR) of urinary molybdenum and creatinine-corrected urinary molybdenum were 51.19 (54.87) μg/L and 48.12 (45.53) μg/g·creatinine, respectively. After adjustment for potential confounders, restricted cubic spline analysis revealed a positive linear dose-response relationship (total P=0.005, P for non-linear=0.055). The odds of diabetes increased by 15% with each 1 natural logarithm unit increase in urinary molybdenumnlevel, according to weighted multivariate logistic regression analysis, the OR was 1.15 (95%CI:1.04-1.28). Subgroup analysis revealed that the association was stronger in men, those living in rural area, and those aged 60-79 years. Conclusion: There is a positive association between the urinary molybdenum level and the prevalence of diabetes in adults in China.

Based on the high global average salt intake among adults, the implementation of salt reduction strategies-as a key measure for preventing and controlling non-communicable diseases such as hypertension-faces significant challenges in translating scientific evidence into practice. Implementation research has emerged as a crucial methodological approach to facilitate this translation by systematically analyzing the facilitators and barriers associated with salt reduction interventions. This review summarizes the research content and major progress in implementation research on salt reduction strategies both domestically and internationally, aiming to provide a reference for future implementation studies.

4-Hydroxyproline, a product of collagen turnover generated through prolyl hydroxylation, has been implicated in metabolic regulation. While previous studies have associated circulating proline with diabetes, the relationship between 4-hydroxyproline and diabetes remains unclear.

We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 796 adults aged 35-74 years from Changshu, eastern China. Plasma 4-hydroxyproline levels were quantified using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Higher plasma 4-hydroxyproline levels were associated with increased odds of diabetes after multivariable adjustment (per SD increase: OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.10-1.66; p = 0.004). Participants in the highest quartile had higher odds of diabetes than those in the lowest quartile (Q4 vs. Q1: OR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.01-3.47; p for trend = 0.006). The associations remained materially unchanged after excluding insulin users, individuals with diabetes-related complications, and those using antidiabetic medication. Further adjustment for dietary intake and proline did not materially alter the results.

Higher plasma 4-hydroxyproline levels were associated with diabetes. Given the cross-sectional design, causality cannot be inferred, and reverse causation cannot be excluded. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) complicated by diabetes mellitus (DM) remain at substantial residual cardiovascular risk despite contemporary guideline-directed medical therapy. However, the long-term trajectory of this excess risk and its temporal pattern have not been fully clarified.

This is a retrospective cohort study based on a large-scale public database and real-world clinical data. The primary cohort was derived from the UK Biobank (UKB), including 7491 CHD patients and 2322 CHD with DM patients; the validation cohort included 362 CHD patients from Tongji Hospital. Both cohorts were followed for up to 10 years, with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) as the primary endpoint. Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to balance baseline confounders. Kaplan-Meier analysis combined with piecewise log-rank tests were used to assess cumulative risk differences at various follow-up time points. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were constructed to evaluate the independent impact of diabetes.

In the UKB cohort, CHD with DM patients exhibited significantly higher risks of MACE and cardiovascular death before matching. After 1:1 PSM, no significant difference in MACE risk was observed during the early follow-up period (1 year, p > 0.05). However, survival curves showed progressive divergence over time, with the risk difference reaching statistical significance at 10 years (p = 0.0004), demonstrating a pronounced time-cumulative effect. The Tongji validation cohort similarly confirmed that event-free survival was significantly lower in the CHD with DM group (p = 0.0028). Independent risk factor analysis using multivariable Cox regression showed that after adjusting for age, sex, smoking, and lipid parameters, diabetes remained an independent risk factor for long-term MACE (UKB cohort HR > 1; Tongji cohort HR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.20-2.86, p = 0.005).

Diabetes significantly increases the long-term residual cardiovascular risk in CHD patients. This excess risk is characterized by a clear time-cumulative effect: under modern guideline-directed medical therapy, early risk may be effectively buffered, but long-term adverse events remain markedly elevated. More proactive and intensified long-term intervention strategies are urgently needed for CHD patients with comorbid diabetes.

Objective: To describe the epidemiological characteristics of injury deaths in adults in 10 regions where China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) project was conducted. Methods: Data from 506 225 participants aged 30-79 years in the CKB study were analyzed, with injury mortality rates reported by year, sex, age group, and urban/rural areas. The International Classification of Diseases 10^th revision served as a tool for identifying and coding injury death (V01-Y98), including unintentional injury, intentional injury and other injuries. Results: From 2009 to 2022, a total of 4 452 injury deaths were recorded. The adjusted overall injury mortality rate was 68.1/100 000 person-years, the unintentional injury mortality rate was 54.3/100 000 person-years and the intentional injury mortality rate was 9.6/100 000 person-years, and the mortality rate of other injuries was 4.2/100 000 person-years. The top four causes of injury death were road traffic injuries (22.3/100 000 person-years), falls (18.0/100 000 person-years), suicide (9.1/100 000 person- years), and drowning (4.4/100 000 person-years). Rural residents and men showed higher age-adjusted injury mortality rates compared with urban residents and women. Except for mechanical force injury and interpersonal violence, adults aged 60-79 years showed higher age-adjusted mortality in all the injury categories compared with those aged 30-59 years. Road traffic injuries were the leading cause of injury death in the 30-, 50-, and 60-69 age groups, while falls predominated in those aged 70-79 years. Conclusions: Road traffic injuries, falls, suicide, and drowning are the four leading causes of injury death in this study, with the burden of fall-related deaths growing increasingly heavy. Men, rural people, and older adults are the populations at high risk.

Objective: To investigate the level and intensity of stepping and associated factors in middle-aged and elderly people in the 3^rd resurvey of the China Kadoorie Biobank study project. Methods: The stepping activity level (daily steps, daily stepping duration and stepping intensity (peak 1-minute cadence and peak 30-minute cadence) were obtained by using sports bracelet and calculation. The time, area and population distributions were described by using general linear models. General linear regression model was used to identify associated factors. Results: A total of 20 246 study participants were included in the analysis. The women usually had higher stepping activity level compared with men. The study participants usually had lower stepping activity level on weekdays, but the daily stepping duration was higher. The rural residents had higher stepping level (daily steps: 10 262.1, daily stepping duration:166.0 minutes), whereas the urban residents demonstrated greater stepping intensity (step peaks 109.6 steps within 1 minute and 91.3 steps within 30 minutes). The stepping level showed non-linear relationships with age. Daily steps and daily stepping duration peaked at age 60.7 years and 62.3 years, respectively. The cadence peaks within 1 minute and 30 minutes declined significantly after age 69.2 years. Smoking and suffering from chronic diseases were associated with lower stepping level. Conclusion: The stepping level exhibited significant time, area and population specific characteristics in middle-aged and elderly people in China, which were closely associated with lifestyle and health status.

Adrenal diseases encompass functional disorders (including primary aldosteronism, pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma, and Cushing's syndrome) and non-functional adrenal incidentalomas, requiring endocrine functional evaluation for diagnosis and often surgical intervention for treatment. Under the traditional departmental model, patients frequently experience repeated hospitalizations, fragmented clinical information, and unclear responsibility boundaries. This study describes the institutional design and preliminary operational experience of an integrated ward dedicated to adrenal disorders at Fuzhou University Affiliated Provincial Hospital. The model is centered on a dynamic leadership mechanism that assigns primary clinical responsibility to endocrinology or urology according to the stage of care. This framework is supported by 3 complementary measures: a 48 h embedded ward-round system, tiered multidisciplinary team (MDT) admission criteria, and a written handover protocol, thereby incorporating multidisciplinary collaboration into a structured institutional workflow. During a 2-month pilot period, 36 patients were admitted. Core procedural pathways were successfully implemented, and MDT participation increased compared with the traditional departmental model. No major perioperative adverse events were observed among patients undergoing high-complexity surgical procedures, and no obvious increase in patient cost burden was observed. These preliminary observations suggest that the institutional framework may be feasible for coordinating multidisciplinary care of adrenal diseases. However, given the limited sample size and short observation period, further validation through larger prospective and multicenter studies is required.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most prevalent and aggressive primary brain tumor, exhibits pronounced angiogenesis. YAP/TAZ have been found as critical candidates in vascular sprouting, vascular barrier formation, and angiogenesis. Furthermore, the dysregulation of YAP/TAZ is reported to be implicated in the development and poor prognosis of several malignancies.

In this study, the relationship between the Hippo and VEGF signaling pathways was examined in GBM. Initially, co-expression networks for GBM and healthy tissues were constructed using WGCNA, identifying potential modules enriched in Hippo and VEGF pathway genes. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and transcription factors were analyzed for pathway overlap and enrichment. Subsequently, the Hippo pathway transducer Yap1 was knocked out in C6 GBM cells using CRISPR/Cas9, and a rat GBM model was developed. Angiogenic effects were assessed using CAM assay, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and qPCR. Two transcription factors, including RELA and NF-κB were identified as the shared members of the Hippo and VEGF signaling pathways. In the next step, the analysis through CAM assay supported a significant decrease in the length of vessels in the treated group with conditioned medium of Yap1-KO C6 cells. Additionally, the IHC results have suggested the reduced density and neoformation of the vessels in the Yap1-KO rat GBM models. Moreover, the knockout of Yap1 resulted in a remarkable decrease in Vegf expression in the rat GBM tumors.

The results suggest a notable role for the Hippo pathway transducer Yap1 in the angiogenic procedures and highlight the potential of targeting Hippo-YAP1 signaling to enhance anti-angiogenic strategies in GBM.

Antipsychotic medications are widely prescribed to children and adolescents worldwide, raising concerns about treatment-emergent type 2 diabetes (T2D). Previous studies have reported elevated T2D risks but have relied on between-person comparisons susceptible to unmeasured confounding and have not characterized risk trajectories around treatment initiation.

To determine the annual prevalence of pharmacologically treated T2D before and after antipsychotic initiation in Dutch youths.

This cohort study used data from Dutch population-based registers to track yearly pharmacologically treated T2D prevalence up to 5 years before and after antipsychotic initiation among youths aged 0 to 19 years initiating such medication. Using fixed-effects models, the event study design controlled for all stable, person-specific confounders that limit standard between-person comparisons. Data were collected from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2022, and analyzed beginning in February 2025.

Antipsychotic initiation (first recorded dispensation).

The primary outcome was annual prevalence of pharmacologically treated T2D, defined as at least 1 dispensation of a noninsulin glucose-lowering medication within a given year. Annual risk differences (RDs) and relative risk changes were estimated using the year preceding antipsychotic initiation as the reference.

A total of 89 991 youths who were dispensed at least 1 antipsychotic prescription between 2006 and 2022 (median [IQR] age at antipsychotic initiation, 13.6 [9.8-16.7] years; 55 794 [62.0%] males) were included in the sample. In this cohort, pharmacologically treated T2D prevalence was stable before treatment and increased significantly after antipsychotic initiation. The RD increased from 2.47 (95% CI, 1.09-3.86) per 10 000 antipsychotic users in the initiation year to 9.02 (95% CI, 5.99-12.06) per 10 000 users by year 5. Females had greater absolute excess risk of T2D than males by year 5 (RD, 16.48 [95% CI, 8.95-24.00] per 10 000 users vs 5.50 [95% CI, 2.57-8.43] per 10 000 antipsychotic users). Adolescents aged 13 to 19 years had a larger long-term increase in risk than children aged 7 to 12 years (year-5 RD, 14.09 [95% CI, 8.19-19.98] per 10 000 users vs 5.47 [95% CI, 2.76-8.18] per 10 000 users). While recurrent users experienced greater, progressively increasing risk (RD, 10.17 [95% CI, 6.47-13.87] per 10 000 antipsychotic users by year 5), elevated risk of pharmacologically treated T2D persisted among youths using antipsychotics in the initiation year only.

In this within-individual cohort study, antipsychotic initiation in youths was associated with a rapid, sustained increase in treated T2D risk independent of underlying time-invariant factors. These findings indicate that even brief antipsychotic exposure is associated with a sustained metabolic vulnerability, underscoring the need for routine metabolic monitoring and preventive strategies from antipsychotic treatment initiation.