Depression is a heterogeneous condition. While transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) shows promise, its effects remain inconsistent. Understanding factors underlying this variability could help improve outcomes. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the differential effects of tDCS versus sham across distinct symptom clusters of depression, using an agglomerative hierarchical clustering approach. Data from a previous IPD meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving patients with acute depression who received at least five sessions of tDCS were used. Only RCTs that applied the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) were included. Symptom clusters were identified using hierarchical clustering of baseline HAM-D item-level data. Changes over time were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models. Ten RCTs were included, involving a sample of 886 patients (active tDCS, n = 387; mean age = 43.1 ± 13.0 years; 66.4% female; sham tDCS, n = 344; mean age = 42.0 ± 13.2 years; 66.3% female), with those assigned to other treatment conditions excluded. Hierarchical clustering revealed four distinct symptom clusters: mood, psychosomatic, insomnia, and psychomotor. Compared to sham, tDCS showed significant improvements in the psychosomatic (ES = -0.35, 95% CI [-0.6, 0.1]), insomnia (ES = -0.33, 95% CI [-0.59, -0.08]), and psychomotor clusters (ES = -0.32, 95% CI [-0.57, -0.06]), but not in the mood cluster (ES = -0.24, 95% CI [-0.5, 0.02). Accessory symptoms showed greater improvement with tDCS, which may reflect the stronger placebo responsiveness of core mood symptoms. These findings support symptom-specific approaches to understanding and optimizing tDCS outcomes.

While familial aggregation of severe mental disorders (SMD)-schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder (MDD)-is established, parent-of-origin effects and specific parental diagnostic pairings influencing offspring neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) and SMD risk remain unclear.

Using Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, 1,770,192 singleton offspring and parents (1980-2000 births) were classified into sixteen parental SMD combinations. Outcomes included ASD, ADHD, SCZ, BD, and MDD. Logistic regression estimated adjusted odds ratios.

Parental SMD increased all offspring risks with distinct parent-of-origin and cross-disorder effects. ASD risk rose from 0.3% (unaffected families) to 1.6% with dual parental SCZ (OR = 7.11 [2.24-22.51]), highest when paternal SCZ co-occurred with maternal MDD (OR = 5.99 [3.28-10.93]). ADHD prevalence (1.8% reference) peaked with paternal MDD plus maternal BD (OR = 3.88 [2.87-5.26]). SCZ risk reached 5.2% with dual parental SCZ (OR = 14.03 [7.30-26.99]), with strongest cross-disorder effect for paternal SCZ plus maternal BD (OR = 21.69 [7.65-61.50]). BD showed pronounced concordant transmission (both parents BD, OR = 31.86 [17.56-57.79]) and substantial cross-risk with paternal BD plus maternal MDD (OR = 12.97 [8.60-19.54]). MDD demonstrated dose-response associations with dual parental MDD (OR = 4.56 [4.17-4.98]) and additional risks observed in paternal MDD plus maternal BD (OR = 5.19 [3.91-6.88]).

This large cohort highlights complex patterns of concordant and cross-disorder psychiatric risk aggregation with distinct parent-of-origin effects. While these findings demonstrate strong clinical associations, they underscore the need for early monitoring in high-risk families rather than establishing definitive causal pathways.

Analytical treatment interruption (ATI) is an important tool to evaluate interventions designed to achieve HIV eradication or long-term control without antiretroviral therapy. We convened a stakeholder workshop to update the published recommendations for the conduct of ATI studies. Important changes to the recommendations include more lenient entry criteria on CD4 count, CD4 nadir, and past medical history, and allowance for greater variation based on regional standards. As the mechanism of potential HIV remission might rely on immune control, the criteria for antiretroviral therapy resumption now allow for longer periods of viraemia at higher levels to stimulate a more robust immune response. Greater emphasis is placed on the importance of psychosocial monitoring and support, the prevention of HIV transmission to partners during ATI, and the integration of sociobehavioural research into ATI studies. Recommendations for the conduct of paediatric and adolescent ATI trials, absent from previous guidelines, are now included. These recommendations, based on current available data, expert opinion, and community consultation, aim to help steer the safe and ethical implementation of the next generation of ATI trials as we continue the search for an HIV cure.

Lesioning procedures such as capsulotomy and cingulotomy offer therapeutic options for patients with severe, treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, treatment response remains variable, and mechanisms underlying clinical improvement are poorly understood. Neuroimaging may help identify response predictors and elucidate mechanisms of action.

We systematically reviewed neuroimaging findings from studies of lesioning therapy for OCD, focusing on preoperative predictors of response and postoperative imaging changes. To synthesize findings, we performed region-based frequency mapping alongside connectivity analyses to characterize the functional networks embedding these regions.

Twenty-four studies met inclusion criteria. Six reported preoperative neuroimaging findings associated with clinical response. Across heterogeneous modalities and metrics, the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex was most frequently implicated in predictive findings. Twenty studies reported postoperative changes, with frequent reductions in volume, metabolism, and connectivity noted in the prefrontal cortex, striatum, and thalamus. Less consistent changes were reported in widespread cortical regions and the cerebellum. Symptom reduction did not significantly differ across affected areas. Connectivity analyses revealed that the insula, paracingulate, and middle temporal gyrus may serve as central nodes within the network linking regions of postoperative change.

Despite high methodological heterogeneity and small sample sizes in the primary literature, these findings underscore the potential of neuroimaging to inform patient selection and clarify mechanisms of OCD lesioning therapy. Network analyses may provide a framework for considering novel therapeutic targets. Future prospective research should verify the role of the anterior cingulate cortex in predicting treatment response, and further explore mechanistic changes in distributed brain circuits.

This study investigates the clinical efficacy and mechanisms of intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) combined with working memory training(WMT) for treating negative symptoms(NS) in schizophrenia.

This was a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial.Ninety-four patients were assigned to four groups: combination therapy group (CTG, n = 23), iTBS treatment group (iTBSG, n = 24), working memory training group (WMG, n = 23), and control group (CG, n = 24). The four group received 4 weeks of iTBS treatment and WMT,iTBS, WMT and sham stimulation respectively.

All the clinical evaluation results and functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS) indicators showed no significant statistical difference before treatment.After 20 times treatment, in the Negative Symptom Assessment Scales (SANS), the CTG showed the most pronounced therapeutic effects. The iTBS group displayed significant improvements in SANS-total score, affective flattening, alogia, and anhedonia.The WMT group demonstrated significant enhancements in SANS-total, affective flattening and attentional impairment.In the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS),the CTG exhibited superior efficacy compared to single iTBS or WMT interventions. The CTG and iTBSG demonstrated significant improvements compared to baseline.fNIRS analysis revealed that the CTG exhibited significantly greater activation in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) compared to the CG. The CTG had the highest connectivity strength, showing an increasing trend compared to before treatment.

The combination of iTBS and WMT demonstrated significant potential in ameliorating NS in schizophrenia. Furthermore, the integrated therapy showed promise in enhancing prefrontal activation.

Motivation, a fundamental driver of human behavior, is intricately linked with perfectionism, mindfulness, and emotion regulation styles. Although these constructs have been studied separately, their complex interactions remain unclear.

This study employed network analysis to explore how these dimensions collectively interact in a sample of 350 s-year high school students from Tabriz, Iran, selected via multi-stage cluster sampling. Data were collected using standardized self-report questionnaires. A Graphical Gaussian Model with polychoric correlations was estimated and visualized using qgraph and bootnet in R. Bridge centrality metrics and bootstrap resampling assessed network structure and stability.

Results revealed strong positive partial correlations between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, self-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism, and mindfulness with integrated emotion regulation, alongside negative associations between mindfulness and emotion dysregulation. Intrinsic motivation, mindfulness, and self-oriented perfectionism emerged as the most central and influential nodes, supported by stable centrality indices.

These findings highlight intrinsic motivation and mindfulness as key targets for interventions aimed at enhancing psychological functioning. Overall, the study advances understanding of the dynamic interplay among these constructs, offering promising directions for tailored mental health interventions.

Preterm birth poses substantial risks to infant health and maternal mental health, particularly anxiety. The evidence base for associations between gestational age and postpartum anxiety has yet to be synthesised as a whole. This first-in-field systematic review aimed to investigate the relationship between gestational age at delivery and postpartum anxiety, and explore the experiences of mothers of premature infants with postpartum anxiety.

Searches were conducted across 10 psychological, clinical, and allied health databases from inception to 6^th October 2024 (PROSPERO CRD: CRD42023369647). There were no restrictions on language or study design. Only studies that assessed the relationship between gestational age at delivery, or preterm birth, and maternal anxiety assessed during the first postpartum year were eligible for inclusion in this review. Initial searches were conducted by one author. Identification and data extraction of studies were performed by two different authors independently.

Twenty-three studies were eligible for inclusion in the review. All studies were quantitative; no qualitative studies were eligible for inclusion. Data were synthesised via narrative synthesis. Taken together, the results indicate an inverse association between gestational age at delivery (preterm birth) and anxiety.

Variable timing of assessment and tool(s) used to measure postpartum anxiety, alongside limited consideration of categories of gestational age (i.e., extremely, very, moderate-to-late preterm) limit the ability to make firm conclusions about the extent of this relationship.

The aim of this study was to replicate and extend previous findings on sleep-dependent declarative memory consolidation in infants. Fifty-one 12-month-old infants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: nap (n = 18), wake (n = 17), or baseline control (n = 16). Declarative memory performance was assessed via deferred imitation paradigms. After observing demonstrations of target actions on an activity board, infants in the nap condition took a naturally occurring nap, whereas infants in the wake condition remained awake for a matched period. Afterwards, infants had the opportunity to imitate the target actions during the test session. The delay between demonstrations and test was 149 min, on average. Post-encoding sleep was measured using polysomnography in the nap condition. Infants in the nap condition slept for 67 min on average. Only infants in the nap condition showed retention for the target actions after the delay. The findings confirm the critical role of post-learning naps in consolidating declarative memories in infants, and demonstrate that this effect applies to different types of learning materials.

The risk of committing violence against others is increased in patients with non-affective psychosis compared to the background population. However, the profile of patients with non-affective psychosis, who commit violence against others, is not fully known. Prior reviews and meta-analyses have included heterogenous psychosis populations and operated with broad definitions of violence. In this study, we narrowed the focus to patients with non-affective psychosis and restricted the definition of violence to physical violence committed against others.

Following the PRISMA guidelines, we searched PubMed, PsycInfo, and Ovid Embase for studies comparing patients with non-affective psychosis with and without a history of violence against others.

13 studies with a total of 1446 patients were included. Few predictors of violence were identified across the studies. In the meta-analysis, only higher score on Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) and shorter years of education significantly predicted belonging to the violence group across studies. None of these predictors were robust after Bonferroni correction. No differences were found in psychopathology on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), substance use, cognition, duration of illness, marital status, employment status, and age of onset of illness between patients with a history of physical violence against others and those without such a history.

Predictors of violence previously identified in other studies proved non-significant in our more narrowly focused and stringent review and meta-analysis. More research is needed to improve characterization and identification of patients with non-affective psychosis at risk of committing violence against others.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly reshaping nursing education by transforming teaching strategies, student engagement, and clinical learning. Despite its growing influence, there is limited evidence exploring how nurse educators experience and navigate the integration of AI, particularly within the Philippine academic context.

To explore the lived experiences of nurse educators integrating AI in classroom and clinical instruction, focusing on adaptation processes, perceived benefits, ethical considerations, and evolving professional roles.

Descriptive phenomenological study grounded in Husserlian philosophy.

Thirteen nurse educators with direct experience in AI-related teaching were purposively selected from nursing schools across the Philippines. Semi-structured interviews were conducted face-to-face and online. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi's seven-step method. Trustworthiness was ensured through bracketing, member checking, reflexive journaling, and audit trails.

Six themes emerged: (1) navigating AI adoption and readiness; (2) transforming pedagogy through AI; (3) reimagining nurse educators' identity; (4) adaptive practices and institutional support; (5) ethical stewardship and nursing values; and (6) human-technology partnership for the future. Educators perceived AI as a transformative yet ethically sensitive tool that enhances teaching efficiency, supports personalized learning, strengthens student engagement, and reshapes their professional roles. However, they emphasized the need for institutional readiness, faculty development, and clear guidelines to ensure the responsible and value-aligned use of AI.

AI integration redefines nursing education by fostering innovation, adaptability, and reflective teaching. Responsible adoption necessitates human-centered approaches, robust ethical safeguards, and organizational support.

Developing structured AI policies, providing continuous faculty training, and aligning technological integration with nursing values may promote safe, ethical, and effective AI-enhanced pedagogy in both classroom and clinical settings.