This current research is a narrative review that seeks to establish the occasions under which thrombophilia can result in complications regarding bleeding and thrombosis during pregnancy. Under such circumstances, the influence of vitamin K deficiency is considered, since vitamin K plays an important role in activating the coagulation system. This occurs directly, via the activation of coagulation factors, as well as indirectly, through the activation of proteins S and C. Both proteins play an important role in the hemostatic mechanism of thrombosis and bleeding. However, the risk associated with the relationship between thrombosis and bleeding changes during pregnancy and is heightened by the natural tendency towards hypercoagulability during pregnancy. This paper presents a narrative review of the literature concerning the links between vitamin K, protein C, and protein S in relation to thrombophilia from the perspectives of both biochemistry and medicine, with a special focus on pregnancy. The study examined factors that could be useful to define the balance between hemorrhagic and thrombotic tendency, comparing conventional methods of studying hemostasis with other possible tests that can help better understand the interplay between hemorrhage and thrombosis. Collectively, disorders within the processes associated with vitamin K-mediated blood clotting may have a considerable effect on the woman's thrombotic risk, especially for women who suffer from thrombophilia. This study confirms the need for monitoring and personalized treatment options to avoid thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications during pregnancy.

Acute myocardial infarction is a leading cause of death globally. Percutaneous coronary intervention is the primary treatment to restore blood flow to the affected myocardium, but reperfusion can cause myocardial injury, affecting the prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Asprosin (ASP) is a newly discovered adipokine whose role in myocardial protection requires further research.

The GSE240847 dataset was downloaded from the GEO database, and 511 ferroptosis-related genes were collected from the FerrDb database. Gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to identify coexpression modules associated with Fibrillin 1 (FBN1), followed by enrichment analysis. H9C2 cells were subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) and pretreated with ASP at different concentrations. The effects of ASP were determined by measuring cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels and assessing the expression of ferroptosis-related proteins, intracellular iron content, mitophagy-related proteins, and mitochondrial membrane potential.

Enrichment analysis showed Gene Ontology (GO) terms linked to GTPase signaling, chromosome behavior, and cell stability. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis highlighted mitophagy and MAPK pathways in the FBN1 module. ASP cut ROS, boosted cell viability, and raised glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4)/solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) expression, upregulating glutathione and lowering iron particles dose dependently post H/R. It also increased PINK1 and stabilized mitochondria. A mitophagy inhibitor reduced these effects.

This study confirms the protective effects of ASP on myocardial cells after H/R injury and demonstrates that ASP can inhibit ferroptosis and promote mitophagy in myocardial cells during ischemia-reperfusion injury. The potential mechanism may involve ASP promoting PINK1-associated mitophagy in myocardial cells after H/R injury to inhibit ferroptosis.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly applied in chronic disease management, yet its adoption among older adults with chronic orthopedic conditions remains limited and poorly understood in China.

A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews was conducted with 13 older adults recruited from two tertiary hospitals in Beijing and Harbin. Thematic analysis was performed to identify key themes.

Five themes were identified: (1) preference for traditional health management over AI; (2) limited understanding of AI-supported health management; (3) perceived constraints in technological capability and affordability; (4) lack of external support from family and community; and (5) optimistic yet unrealistic expectations of AI capabilities.

Older adults with chronic orthopedic conditions face structural barriers to adopting AI-supported health management. Effective implementation requires age-friendly design and stronger integration within primary healthcare systems.

Given the increasing elderly population in Iran, addressing older adults' access to healthcare services is essential. This study aimed to develop a contextually relevant framework for assessing older adults' access to primary healthcare in Iran.

This study utilized a conventional qualitative content analysis approach through focus group discussions with experts in elderly care. Participants were selected using purposive sampling with maximum diversity. Data were collected through a checklist developed based on the Levesque framework, and the collected and transcribed data were analyzed using content analysis.

The main dimensions of older adults' access to health center services were categorized into two core domains aligned with the Levesque framework: health system characteristics (supply-side) and population capabilities (demand-side)>>. The health system dimension was further subcategorized into < < availability, acceptability, accommodation, affordability, and appropriateness>>. The demographic context of accessibility was categorized into subcategories of < < the ability to perceive, seek, reach, pay for, and engage with healthcare services>>. Based on feedback from subject-matter experts, appropriate components were proposed for a detailed examination of each subcategory, and a final consensus was reached.

The contextually relevant framework derived from this study can help identify reasons for older adults' reluctance or inability to access elderly care services at health centers. Future studies can apply the proposed framework to thoroughly examine the challenges of implementing the national aging care program across various universities of medical sciences in Iran.

Obesity is a complex condition encompassing behavioral, psychological, and physiological factors, frequently associated with elevated mental health burden. Digital Mental Health Interventions (DMHIs) have emerged as promising tools to enhance accessibility, personalization, and scalability of psychological care in obesity management. However, evidence on their effectiveness across delivery modalities and outcomes remains fragmented.

This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of DMHIs on obesity-related clinical, behavioral, and psychological outcomes; examine whether specific delivery modalities are differentially associated with particular outcomes; and identify methodological gaps to guide future research and implementation.

A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The review followed PRISMA guidelines, applying rigorous inclusion criteria and independent screening by two reviewers. Quality appraisal was performed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool (RoB 2.0), and studies rated as high risk of bias were excluded. Due to heterogeneity in study design and outcomes, data were synthesized narratively, and no claims of statistical superiority between modalities were made.

Thirty-eight randomized controlled trials were included. DMHIs effectively targeted behavioral and psychological aspects of obesity when based on evidence-based psychotherapeutic frameworks - often independently of weight-related improvements. No single delivery format emerged as universally superior; rather, each modality appeared to serve distinct therapeutic purposes. Outcomes were more favorable in interventions that incorporated human guidance, although this finding should be interpreted cautiously because of heterogeneity and the absence of meta-analytic comparisons.

Digital mental health approaches-particularly when integrated into stepped-care or hybrid models-represent scalable, person-centered strategies to improve both physical and emotional well-being in adults with obesity.

Changes in the temporal parameters of EEG microstates are observed in various psychiatric illnesses, including psychotic disorders. These changes have also been observed in individuals with a clinical or genetic high risk for psychosis. It is unclear whether dopamine abnormalities, distinctive of psychotic disorders, contribute to microstate alterations. Fifty-eight healthy participants (M: F = 32:26) took part in a single-dose drug challenge study. Using a randomized, double-blind, cross-over, and placebo-controlled design, participants received the dopamine precursor L-DOPA (100 mg), the dopamine antagonist haloperidol (2 mg), and a placebo. Resting-state (10 min, eyes-closed) 64-channel EEG was recorded at peak drug effects. We calculated temporal parameters (coverage, duration, and occurrence) of 5 microstate classes (A-E) and compared them between drug conditions using linear mixed-effect models. Significant group x class interactions were observed for all parameters. Compared to placebo, parameters of microstate B were decreased under L-DOPA (duration and occurrence) and haloperidol (coverage, duration, and occurrence). Coverage and occurrence of microstate C were reduced under L-DOPA compared to haloperidol and placebo. Parameters of microstate E were reduced under L-DOPA compared to haloperidol (coverage and occurrence) and placebo (coverage, duration, and occurrence). Both haloperidol and L-DOPA increased all parameters of microstate D, compared to placebo. Our results show that resting-state EEG microstates are modulated by dopaminergic drugs. However, extrapolations from healthy controls to patients with psychotic disorders are complicated by various factors. Further studies should investigate the (long-term) effects of haloperidol and other antipsychotics on EEG microstates in patients with psychotic disorders.

Deciphering how the human brain matures and reorganizes across the lifespan remains a central challenge in developmental neuroscience. Understanding the complex developmental processes is essential for elucidating the biological bases of cognition and behavior, as well as the mechanisms underlying aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroimaging has enabled the mapping of nonlinear, age-related changes in brain morphology, microstructure, and connectivity from gestation to senescence. However, we lack a unified understanding of interplay across multimodal neuroimaging measures, structure-function coupling, and the cellular and molecular drivers of network reorganization. In this review, we synthesize current evidence to provide a multiscale MRI-derived account of structural and functional brain development across the human lifespan, highlight key conceptual and methodological gaps, and outline priorities for future research.

Dysgraphia is a specific learning disorder characterised by difficulties in written expression. Identifying and finding remedies for children with this disorder is challenging due to the diverse interventions used in different contexts. Different interventions are used to rehabilitate children with this disorder.

This scoping review aims to map the existing interventions for dysgraphia across different contexts, that is, schools, rehabilitation centres, home-based services and clinics.

Scoping review.

This review included studies that used educational, therapeutic, technological or behavioural interventions for children and adolescents with dysgraphia or difficulties in written expression. Quantitative, qualitative and mixed-methods studies conducted in school, clinic, home or rehabilitation centre settings were included. Studies focusing on unrelated disabilities, diagnostic studies and theoretical papers without an intervention focus were excluded.

PubMed, Europe PubMed Central, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, EBSCO, Directory of Open Access Journals and Google Scholar were searched for evidence-based articles.

Two independent reviewers screened titles and abstracts using the Rayyan web application (Cambridge, MA, USA). Discrepancies were resolved by consensus with a third reviewer, and the full texts were retrieved. Two independent reviewers screened the full-text articles. Disagreements were resolved through consultation with a third reviewer. Data were charted using a standardised form. The extraction process was independently conducted by two reviewers to ensure reliability, with discrepancies resolved by discussion with a third reviewer. Findings were synthesised descriptively, and a thematic analysis of reported outcomes was conducted following the six-phase framework of Braun and Clarke.

Forty-seven articles were included in the review, targeting educational, therapeutic, multisensory, computer-based and combined interventions to address dysgraphia. Studies were distributed across six intervention categories: computer-based/technological (n=15), educational (n=13), therapeutic (n=7), combined/multimodal (n=6), psychological (n=4) and multisensory (n=2); most studies were conducted in Asian countries (n=24), followed by the USA (n=10), Europe (n=8), Africa (n=4) and the Arab region (n=1). Four themes were identified: (a) improvements in foundational writing mechanics; (b) advancements in composition and higher-order writing; (c) broader academic and cognitive benefits; and (d) positive affective and behavioural outcomes. Each theme, with its subtheme, is linked to the targeted interventions addressed in the studies.

This review revealed that computer-based and educational interventions were used in most studies, and that foundational writing mechanics were widely addressed as outcomes. There is a lack of studies addressing different types of dysgraphia. A holistic approach through a large-scale study is recommended to address multiple underlying writing mechanics and psychological concerns. The findings have implications for clinical and educational practice, supporting the use of integrated handwriting, composition and assistive-technology approaches, and for policy, highlighting the need for targeted funding of large-scale, multimodal intervention trials in low-income and middle-income countries.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between perceived social support and domestic violence with maternal postpartum stress in an Iranian context.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2023 in Tabriz, Iran.

A total of 349 mothers, 2-6 months post partum, who were living with a spouse and had no history of mental health disorders, were selected from municipal health centres using a cluster sampling method.

Data were collected using the Maternal Postpartum Stress Scale, the Perceived Social Support Questionnaire (Personal Resource Questionnaire-85 (PRQ-85)), and the Hurt, Insult, Threaten, Scream tool for domestic violence. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, bivariate tests (independent samples t-tests, one-way analysis of variance and Pearson's correlation coefficient) and generalised linear model.

Maternal postpartum stress showed a significant negative correlation with perceived social support (r=-0.16, p=0.002) and a significant positive correlation with domestic violence (r=0.14, p=0.006) in the initial analysis. In the final adjusted general linear model with robust standard errors, perceived social support was significantly associated with lower stress (B=-0.1, p<0.001) and domestic violence was significantly associated with higher stress levels (B=0.4, p=0.041). Other factors associated with lower stress were having a birth attended by a midwife compared with a gynaecologist, increasing infant age, high husband support and moderate income sufficiency.

This study reveals a complex web of associations where perceived social support, domestic violence, economic stability and the model of birth care are linked to maternal postpartum stress. These findings highlight the urgent need for systemic support structures that empower the family unit and prioritise the emotional health in the postpartum period.

Rapid urbanisation, increasing housing density and rising costs have intensified pressure on urban housing systems, limiting access to health-promoting residential environments. Microhousing (compact units typically ranging from 15 to 40 m²) has emerged as a strategy to address these challenges. While microhousing improves affordability and spatial efficiency, it may also pose psychological and well-being challenges for residents. Salutogenic design, grounded in the sense of coherence framework, emphasises environmental resources that promote mental health and resilience. However, evidence on the operationalisation of salutogenic principles in compact residential environments remains fragmented. This systematic review aims to identify and synthesise empirical studies, including quantitative, qualitative and mixed-methods research, examining salutogenic design strategies in microhousing and their potential impact on human well-being.

This systematic review protocol is reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols guidelines. A comprehensive literature search will be conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science. Quantitative, qualitative and mixed-methods studies published in English from 2005 onward will be included. Title and abstract screening, full-text assessment and data extraction will be conducted independently by two reviewers. Discrepancies will be resolved through discussion and, if necessary, by consultation with a third reviewer. Data will be synthesised using a narrative approach to identify key salutogenic design elements, outcome measures and contextual factors.

This review will be based exclusively on previously published studies and will not involve the collection of primary data from human participants; therefore, ethical approval is not required. The findings of this review will be disseminated through presentations at scientific conferences and publication in a peer-reviewed journal. Any amendments to the protocol will be documented and reported in the final publication.

CRD420261281219.