Women with cancer often experience alterations in their mothering roles both because of the cancer and the reduced ability for child care. However, many of them try to play their mothering roles as they have done before the disease and in this role they experience many anxieties. This qualitative phenomenological study aimed to gain more insight about these anxieties that mothers with cancer, having a child or children aged 6-12 years, experience.

Semi-structured interviews with a sample of 12 women from 800 women, with an age range of 27-52 years at the time of the interview, who were diagnosed with different types of metastasis cancer, and had at least a child aged 6-12 years, were conducted. The interviews continued until saturation of the data. Some open-ended questions about lived experiences were used. After recording and writing the content of interviews, transcripts were analyzed based on Colaizzi method.

By analysis of data about the anxieties of these mothers, total 70 non-duplicate codes were extracted, and 7 main themes and also 26 subthemes were identified.

This study offers to develop a comprehensive caring plan for their children to reduce anxiety in these mothers.

This knowledge could be beneficial to provide more guidance for mothers during and after stages of treatment to reduce their anxiety about their children by focusing on the new definition of motherhood. Redefining mothering could mean diminishing the mothering demands in relation to housekeeping, being more peaceful and patient, and being grateful daily for a life with happiness. They can encourage their children to become more involved in household tasks and their homework.

The comparative real-world adverse event (AE) reporting profiles of enzalutamide, olaparib, and lutetium Lu-177 vipivotide tetraxetan remain incompletely characterized in prostate cancer. As sequential and combination strategies continue to evolve, understanding post-marketing AE reporting patterns in broader clinical populations is important. This study aimed to characterize time-dependent AE reporting profiles and descriptively summarize sparse reports involving concomitant use of all three agents using a large pharmacovigilance database.

We performed a retrospective disproportionality analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database from each drug's approval date through the third quarter of 2025. Reports were included when the drug of interest was listed as the primary suspect drug and prostate cancer was recorded as the therapeutic indication. Signal detection used four algorithms: reporting odds ratio (ROR), proportional reporting ratio (PRR), multi-item gamma Poisson shrinker (MGPS), and Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN). Stratified analyses by age and time-to-onset were conducted, and reports involving concomitant use of all three agents were summarized descriptively.

A total of 8,341 enzalutamide, 217 olaparib, and 486 lutetium Lu-177 vipivotide tetraxetan primary-suspect reports with prostate cancer as the indication were included. Distinct AE reporting patterns were observed across the three individual-drug cohorts. Olaparib showed a strong disproportionality signal for anaemia (ROR 8.77), whereas lutetium Lu-177 vipivotide tetraxetan was characterized by signals for dry mouth (ROR 18.08) and thrombocytopenia. Time-to-onset analysis showed that many reported AEs occurred within the first 90 days after treatment initiation. Seven reports involved concomitant use of all three agents; this subset was too sparse to support reliable signal detection or inference regarding drug-drug interaction.

This study provides a comparative overview of post-marketing AE reporting patterns for three major prostate cancer therapies. The findings were broadly consistent with established toxicity profiles and suggested that early treatment may represent an important period for clinical observation. Because reports involving concomitant use of all three agents were extremely sparse, no reliable conclusions regarding drug-drug interaction, additive toxicity, or synergistic toxicity can be drawn. Prospective studies are needed to characterize the safety of emerging multi-agent treatment strategies. Interpretation of cross-drug comparisons should additionally account for substantial inter-cohort differences in reporter type and reporting country.

Background Incorrect artificial intelligence (AI) suggestions can lead to automation bias; however, their impact on medical image interpretation is underresearched. Purpose To assess how incorrect AI suggestions influence the diagnostic accuracy, read times, and visual search behavior of readers interpreting screening mammograms. Materials and Methods In this retrospective multireader paired study conducted between September 2024 and February 2025, 10 National Health Service Breast Screening Programme mammography readers evaluated a test set of two-view mammography screening examinations. The test set included true-positive (TP), false-negative (FN), false-positive (FP), and true-negative (TN) AI suggestions, verified by 3 years of follow-up or histopathologic analysis. In round 1, readers interpreted cases without AI. In round 2, conducted 6 weeks later, a commercially available AI tool was used as decision support, displaying prompts with a region score of 10 or higher (scale, 0-100). Eye-tracking cameras recorded readers' fixations-maintained gaze-over specific image areas. Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used for paired comparisons between rounds, and Kruskal-Wallis tests compared cases with different AI outcomes. Results The test set (n = 60) included cases with 26 TP, 14 FN, 14 FP, and six TN AI suggestions. Median reader sensitivity was lower for cases with FN AI suggestions when reading cases with AI (39%) compared with unassisted reading (71%; P = .002). Reader specificity was higher for cases with FP AI suggestions (39% vs 21%; P = .004). A greater number of visible (TP and FP) AI prompts led to longer median read times, from 25 seconds (zero prompts) to 34 seconds (four or more prompts) (P = .001). Readers fixated less when reviewing cancer cases that AI failed to detect (FN suggestions) compared with unassisted reading (0.44 vs 0.47 fixations per second; P = .03). Shorter fixation durations were observed when readers interpreted cases with FP AI suggestions compared with unassisted reading (0.54 vs 0.56 second; P = .001). Conclusion Incorrect AI suggestions influenced both reader accuracy and visual search behaviors during mammography interpretation. The greatest negative impact was observed with FN AI suggestions; therefore, AI thresholds should be calibrated accordingly. © RSNA, 2026 Supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Clauser in this issue. See also the editorial by Abbasi and Giess in this issue.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of pre-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) gradient noise exposure desensitization training on anxiety and MRI image quality in patients with brain tumors and to provide clinical evidence for optimizing MRI protocols.

We conducted a retrospective analysis of 100 patients with brain tumors who underwent brain MRI, dividing them into an observation group ( n  = 50, desensitization training + routine nursing) and a control group ( n  = 50, routine nursing alone). Group comparisons were performed using analysis of covariance or the chi-square test. We evaluated self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) scores, MRI image quality (signal-to-noise ratio [SNR], artifact grade, and anatomical clarity), incidence of adverse reactions, and examination duration.

No significant difference in SAS score was observed between the two groups 15 min before examination ( P > 0.05). After the examination, the observation group had a significantly lower adjusted mean SAS score (38.62, 95% CI: 37.48-39.76) than the control group (45.53, 95% CI: 44.39-46.67) ( P < 0.001), a higher proportion of excellent image quality (42/50, 84.0% versus 28/50, 56.0%, P  = 0.002), superior signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and anatomical clarity, lower artifact grades (all P < 0.05), a lower incidence of adverse reaction (6.00% versus 20.00%, P  = 0.074), and a shorter examination duration (28.45 ± 3.16 min versus 33.72 ± 4.23 min, P < 0.05).

Pre-MRI gradient noise desensitization training effectively alleviates anxiety, shortens examination duration, and improves MRI image quality in patients with brain tumors, supporting its clinical promotion value.

Investigate how perioperative noise affects sleep quality and psychological stress of lung cancer surgery patients, in order to provide an optimizing ward settings and improving recovery efficacy.

This study is a retrospective observational study, with data sourced from the hospital medical record system, including 143 lung cancer surgery patients (November 2022-November 2024), who were divided based on perioperative 24-h average LAeq into two groups: ts (Novem n  = 69) and <55 dBA ( n  = 74). This study assessed sleep using (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI] and sleep structure parameters: total sleep time [TST], sleep efficiency [SE], sleep latency [SL], psychological status using Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 [DASS-21], and Self-Rating Depression Scale [SDS]), saliva cortisol (SC), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and postoperative complications. Multiple logistic regression was used to control confounders and analyze the association between noise exposure and patient recovery.

Post-treatment, the high-exposure group had significantly higher PSQI, DASS-21 and SDS scores, as well as TSH and SC levels, but shorter TST, lower SE, and longer SL compared with the low-exposure group (all P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in postoperative complications ( P > 0.05). Multiple logistic regression showed that after controlling for confounding factors such as age, perioperative noise exposure ≤55 dBA was a protective factor against sleep disorders and increased psychological stress, while open chest surgery was a risk factor for increased psychological stress.

Perioperative noise exposure in lung cancer surgery reduces sleep quality, increases psychological stress. Multivariate analysis identifies 55 dBA noise as an independent protective factor, highlighting the need for optimizing the ward environment to improve recovery outcomes.

For patients with acute leukaemia receiving chemotherapy, hospital noise may affect sleep and hinder recovery. Understanding these effects and exploring mitigation strategies are crucial for enhancing patient rehabilitation.

This work aimed to evaluate the effects of hospital environmental noise on sleep quality and rehabilitation outcomes amongst patients with acute leukaemia undergoing chemotherapy, providing evidence for improvement in the ward environment.

A retrospective cohort study included 102 patients with acute leukaemia treated between January 2023 and March 2025. On the basis of the noise level of the environment, patients were divided into a high-noise group ( n  = 52) and a low-noise group ( n  = 50), receiving equivalent treatment. Primary outcomes were the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire (LSEQ) and bone marrow puncture results. Secondary indicators included perceived noise sources, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and haematologic parameters. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS (version 25.0). Independent sample t -test or Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for continuous variables, and chi-square test or analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used for categorical variables. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The 24-hour average noise levels of the high- and low-noise groups were 59.9 and 50.5 dBA, respectively. The high-noise group showed significantly higher PSQI, DERS and ISI scores and lower LSEQ scores ( P < 0.05). Four weeks after treatment, the high-noise group had higher blast + promyelocyte proportions, longer time to reach <5%, slower white blood cell/neutrophil/platelet count recovery and less C-reactive protein reduction ( P < 0.05). The main noise sources were caregivers/visitors and snoring.

Hospital environmental noise significantly impairs sleep quality and delays bone marrow recovery in patients with acute leukaemia receiving chemotherapy, negatively affecting physiological rehabilitation and treatment efficacy.

Chronic inflammation is implicated in lung cancer pathogenesis. Inflammation-related haematologic indices are accessible biomarkers, but their associations with lung cancer risk and mortality in the general US population are not well-established.

To investigate the associations of five inflammation-related haematologic indices (NLR, MLR, NMLR, ALI, PIV) with lung cancer risk and all-cause mortality among US adults.

This population-based study analysed 47,862 adults from the 1999-2018 NHANES. Lung cancer was self-reported. Associations with lung cancer risk in the overall study population and with all-cause mortality among participants with lung cancer (followed through 2019) were assessed using weighted logistic and Cox regression models, respectively. Sensitivity analyses, including machine learning, were performed.

Among participants, 114 had lung cancer. Higher NLR, MLR, NMLR, and PIV were significantly associated with increased lung cancer risk (e.g. per 1-SD increase: MLR OR = 1.50) and all-cause mortality (e.g. MLR HR = 1.40). Conversely, higher ALI was associated with decreased risk (OR = 0.58) and mortality (HR = 0.53). MLR showed the highest discriminative ability for risk (AUC = 0.715). Sensitivity analyses confirmed robustness.

Inflammation-related haematologic indices are significantly associated with lung cancer risk and prognosis. These low-cost biomarkers show potential for risk stratification and prognostic assessment.

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is usually performed as a curative treatment for adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), following first-line chemotherapy. We conducted a nationwide retrospective study to examine the prognostic impact of donor sources based on transplantation application timings: human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched related donor (MRD; n = 253), unrelated donor (URD; n = 656), unrelated cord blood (U-CB; n = 599), and HLA-haploidentical related donor with post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PT-CY; n = 166). In patients with the early application of allo-HSCT (< 100 days from diagnosis), the multivariate analysis showed no significant difference in overall mortality (OM) among all donor sources. Regarding the middle timing of allo-HSCT (100-179 days), the U-CB group showed higher OM than the MRD group (hazard ratio [HR], 1.37; p = 0.013), while the URD and PT-CY groups showed no significant difference in OM with the MRD group. Concerning the late timing of allo-HSCT (180-270 days), the U-CB (HR, 1.88; p = 0.005) and PT-CY groups (HR, 1.90; p = 0.043) showed higher OM than the MRD group, whereas the URD group exhibited comparable OM to the MRD group. The present study demonstrated the differential impact of the graft source based on the timing of allo-HSCT for ATL; therefore, it is important to select an optimal alternative donor based on application timing.

Many molecular-targeted oncology drugs have been successfully developed. The mechanism to target some specific molecules gives us the expectation that the molecular-target drug is effective over multiple tumor types and histologies. Then, simultaneous evaluation of multiple subtypes is motivated, and the basket trials aim to realize it, in which each subtype is called a basket. Although the single-arm design with simple exact binomial inference is routinely used for Phase 2 trials in standard oncology drug development, almost all recent proposals of statistical methods for basket trials are Bayesian methods of complexity. To fill the gap, the one-sample Mantel-Haenszel procedure was developed, which consists of the exact test of the global null hypothesis, the Mantel-Haenszel-type estimation of the treatment effect, and identification of effective baskets via the generalized information criterion (GIC). This paper points out an undesirable feature of the GIC in the previous research and develops an alternative one. The new GIC is free of the undesirable feature and more efficiently borrows information across baskets, which is a relevant feature for basket trials. Through numerical studies, we demonstrate that the new GIC outperforms the original one.

Metastatic melanoma has a poor prognosis. This study aimed to develop and validate era-specific nomograms for Stage IV (M1a-c) melanoma and assess the survival impact of surgery across two eras.

This retrospective Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) study included 3,319 stage IV melanoma patients divided into pre-immunotherapy era (2001-2005, n = 622) and early immunotherapy era (2011-2015, n = 2,697) cohorts. Cox regression identified overall survival (OS) prognostic factors. Era-specific nomograms predicting 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS were constructed and validated. The survival benefit of surgery was assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis.

Age, M-stage, lactate dehydrogenase, chemotherapy, and surgery were consistent independent prognostic factors in both eras. The nomograms showed good calibration yet limited discriminatory capacity only slightly exceeding the 0.5 random threshold (C-index: 0.649 and 0.641 for pre- and early immunotherapy eras, respectively). Surgery showed longer OS in patients of the overall immunotherapy cohort: median OS was 17 vs. 6 months for surgical vs. non-surgical patients (p < 0.001). The benefit was pronounced in the M1a (40.5 vs. 20.0 months, p < 0.001) and M1c (11 vs. 5 months, p < 0.001) subgroups. Patients in the early immunotherapy era had longer OS (8 vs. 6 months, p < 0.001).

We constructed population-based era-specific nomograms for stage IV melanoma. Within the immunotherapy cohort, surgery correlates with prolonged survival, suggesting surgical evaluation for selected metastatic melanoma patients.