Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with increased mortality, but whether death rates and causes of death have changed across the biologic era is unclear. We aimed to assess all-cause and cause-specific mortality in Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) across therapeutic eras.

We conducted a retrospective, population-based matched cohort study (1984-2019). IBD cases were matched 1:10 to unaffected controls by age, sex, and geography. Follow-up was stratified into a pre-biologic era (1984-2000) and biologic era (2001-2019). All-cause mortality was assessed using Cox models and cause-specific mortality using competing-risk methods.

We identified 13 306 patients with IBD (5955 CD; 7351 UC) and 133 060 matched controls. During follow-up, 2156 patients with IBD (16.2%) and 19 095 controls (14.4%) died. CD was associated with higher all-cause mortality than controls (hazard ratio [HR] 1.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19-1.37). UC mortality did not differ from controls (HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.97-1.10). In era-stratified analyses, mortality was comparable in the pre-biologic era (IBD HR 1.04, 95% CI 0.93-1.15). In the biologic era, excess mortality was observed in CD (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.24-1.45) but not in UC (HR 1.05, 95% CI 0.98-1.12). Compared with controls, CD had higher mortality from colorectal cancer (HR 2.28), renal disease (HR 2.79), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (HR 1.89), and sepsis (HR 2.12), while UC had higher mortality from colorectal cancer (HR 1.56) and cholangiocarcinoma (HR 3.21).

All-cause mortality was modestly higher in CD, while UC mortality was similar to matched controls. The CD mortality gap appeared most evident with longer follow-up.

This case report describes the successful perioperative anesthetic management of a 60-year-old woman with Mayo Level IV clear cell renal cell carcinoma and sickle cell trait who underwent radical nephrectomy, inferior vena cava thrombectomy, and right atrial thrombus excision under cardiopulmonary bypass. The anesthetic challenges included a large intracardiac mass with a high probability of producing mechanical obstruction across the right ventricular inflow and embolization, risk of massive hemorrhage, and perioperative concerns related to sickle cell trait. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography helped in thrombus surveillance, vascular access, cannulation guidance, and tumor clearance verification. Surrogate markers identified a subclinical hemolytic event.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) cause considerable morbidity and mortality. Multimodal treatment strategies can cause significant toxicity, and therapy options are limited for recurrent disease. Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising approach. However, patient response variability underscores the need for better predictive markers.

This study aims to use artificial intelligence to develop two predictive models in patients with HNSCC to assess (1) progression or recurrence following primary curative treatment and (2) long-term survival after immunotherapy schemes in recurrent and metastatic disease. This study will also describe the characteristics of patients with early, locally advanced, and recurrent or metastatic cancers.

This is a retrospective, observational study of data captured in electronic health records (EHRs) from participating hospitals between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2021. This study's population comprises adults diagnosed with HNSCC at any stage. Study variables, including demographics, comorbidities, clinical variables, treatments, and outcomes, will be extracted using EHRead, a technology that applies natural language processing and machine learning to extract and analyze structured and unstructured clinical information in deidentified EHRs. Predictive models based on dynamic risk stratification for treatment response and progression or recurrence will be developed using multivariable logistic regressions, decision tree classifiers, and random forest approaches. Descriptive and outcome analyses will be shown for different anatomic subsites and stratified by stage and treatment.

This study began enrolling sites in July 2021 and is currently ongoing. By December 2025, data from 10 centers has been collected, comprising a total of 151,934,990 EHRs from 2,159,719 patients.

Development of predictive models using artificial intelligence will advance clinical understanding of HNSCC to improve patient outcomes.

Limited evidence exists regarding survival outcomes among different subsites of right-sided colon tumors, thus contributing to uncertainty regarding their prognostic implications.

To assess the oncological impact of hepatic flexure tumor location compared with other subsites in patients with right-sided colon cancer undergoing conventional right colectomy with curative intent.

This retrospective study included patients with right-sided colon cancer stage I-III undergoing right colectomy with curative intent between January 2010 and December 2021. Demographic, clinical, perioperative, histopathologic and follow-up data were analyzed according to tumor location, categorized as cecum/ascending (CA) colon or hepatic flexure (HF) using Cox proportional models.

Of the 279 patients included, 82.4% (n=230) had CA colon tumors, while 17.6% (n=49) had HF tumors. The 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 74.6% and 70.7% for CA tumors, respectively, and 82.7% and 82.7% for HF. Existing comorbidities and emergency surgery were significantly associated with OS, whereas existing comorbidities and surgical approach were significantly associated with DFS. HF was not identified as a poor prognosis factor for either OS (HR:0.81; CI95%:0.43-1.50) or DFS (HR:0.67; CI95%:0.38-1.29).

In our results, a tumor located in the HF did not demonstrate an association with an impaired oncologic prognosis in patients undergoing curative-intent surgery for stage I-III colon cancer.

Australia has the highest melanoma rates in the world. Melanoma is the third most common invasive cancer in Australia, and the number of in situ diagnoses is rapidly increasing. Treatment for non-localised stage melanoma is evolving, improving survival and increasing costs. We describe the costs and selected treatments by stage of disease for people diagnosed with melanoma in a large Australian cohort study.

Questionnaire data for participants in the Australian 45 and Up Study (n = 267,357 recruited 2005-2009) were linked with cancer registrations, hospital records and Medicare claims records. To estimate the government healthcare costs attributable to melanoma, total costs for each participant with melanoma were compared to costs for matched cancer-free controls. Multivariable gamma regression was used to estimate factors associated with costs. We also examined the distribution of melanoma treatments by disease stage.

There were 8577 participants diagnosed with melanoma after recruitment (5026 in situ and 3551 invasive; median age 69 years at diagnosis). The mean excess per-person costs in the first year after diagnosis ('initial phase') ranged from $2794 Australian dollars (US$1825) for in situ melanoma to $70,070 for distant metastases. The corresponding mean annual costs in the continuing care phase were $1222 and $38,470, respectively. Of 195 participants with regional/metastatic melanoma diagnosed 2014-2019, 80 (41%) had a record of immunotherapy/targeted therapy and their unadjusted per-person costs were approximately $60,000 higher annually than the 115 participants without these treatments.

Health system costs increased greatly with advancing melanoma stage, with higher costs linked to uptake of new immunotherapies/targeted therapies. Cost savings could arise from initiatives that detect and successfully treat melanomas at earlier stages, or prevent melanomas entirely.

Several studies have investigated colorectal neoplasia (CRN) in Vietnamese patients who present with lower gastrointestinal symptoms. However, data on subjects without symptoms is limited. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors for CRN in asymptomatic Vietnamese adults.

This was a prospective, cross-sectional, single-center study. Participants were consecutively recruited from asymptomatic individuals who were self-selected to undergo self-funded screening colonoscopy. CRN was defined as the presence of adenoma, sessile serrated lesions, or colorectal cancer. Advanced CRN included adenoma ≥ 1 cm, with villous features or high-grade dysplasia; sessile serrated lesion ≥ 1 cm or with dysplasia; traditional serrated adenoma; or colorectal cancer. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify independent risk factors for CRN, adjusting for age, sex, BMI, family history of colorectal cancer, smoking status, and alcohol consumption.

There were 714 patients, with a median age of 51 (18-79 years) and a female-to-male ratio of 1:1.46. In this screening-attending cohort, the prevalence of overall CRN and advanced CRN were 26.2% and 9.0%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, factors significantly associated with CRN included increasing age per 10-year increment (odds ratio [OR]: 1.76; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.47-2.11; p < 0.001), body mass index ≥ 23 kg/m2 (OR: 1.70; 95% CI: 1.16-2.50; p = 0.006), alcohol consumption (OR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.10-3.04, p = 0.020), and family history of colorectal cancer (OR: 2.43; 95% CI: 1.36-4.37; p = 0.003).

CRN was prevalent in this self-selected screening-attending cohort in a private clinical setting. Increasing age, overweight, and family history of colorectal cancer were independent factors associated with CRN.

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is causally associated with cervical cancer and precancerous lesions (dysplasias) of the cervix. The treatment of choice for low-grade lesions is monitoring with no-treatment, because the majority of them will regress spontaneously. However, this wait-and-see approach can be assisted by nutritional supplements for immune support, like Moducare. The hypothesis of the trial is that Moducare can enhance the natural regression of CIN1. MODUCIN1 is a prospective, open-label, randomized trial where eligible patients will be randomized (1:1) to either the wait-and-see approach (control arm) or to the six months oral administration of Moducare capsules. The main inclusion criterion is newly histologically proven CIN1 and the main exclusion criterion is any previous cervical intraepithelial neoplasia with or without treatment or history of pelvic malignancy. The primary objective is to compare the regression rates of low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN1) between the two groups: Wait-and-see approach and Moducare. The sample size is estimated at 182 eligible patients, while accrual is expected to last one year. The primary endpoint is expected to be reached after six months from last patient enrollment. The Trial Registration Number is NCT07379905.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is transforming various industries, including health care. IoT-based systems are increasingly prevalent in consumer health applications, while intelligent or smart devices equipped with sophisticated sensors are gaining recognition for their potential to improve clinical care practice and decision-making. Cancer care is a particularly promising area for IoT applications, enabling real-time and personalized interventions. However, empirical research on the effects of IoT in this field is limited due to the complexities inherent in cancer as a dynamic disease and the paucity of IoT-generated data available for research. This presents an opportunity to apply mathematical modeling to understand the effects of IoT under various scenarios. These analytical and "in silico" mathematical approaches are instrumental with limited data. Such models support the analysis of treatment uncertainty and patient response while balancing patient preferences, clinical outcomes, and system-level constraints. Grounded in mathematical oncology and health informatics, this paper proposes a conceptual framework that integrates real-time IoT data as dynamic inputs into adaptive mathematical models to simulate cancer dynamics. By exploring applications across multiple levels of analysis, the study demonstrates how IoT-enhanced mathematical models could inform implementation and optimize oncology services, addressing a critical gap in current research.

The number of people who have experienced cancer is increasing, and by 2040 cases are expected to rise by 40%, with a high prevalence among working-age individuals. Many people who experienced cancer (pwEC) face reduced work ability due to health, personal, and occupational factors. Therefore, this study aims to identify the main factors that hinder RTW among pwEC.

A systematic literature search was conducted via PubMed, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library, covering studies published between January 2012 and June 2024. Inclusion criteria focused on studies analysing RTW and Time to RTW in relation to sociodemographic, clinical, and occupational factors. Meta-analysis grouped studies by design, exposure, and effect measures. Fixed or random effects models were applied based on heterogeneity. Risk of bias was assessed using NOS and RoB2 tools. Certainty of evidence was assessed using GRADE tool and STROBE checklist.

Among 2,151 screened articles, 43 met the inclusion criteria. Chemotherapy (OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.52-0.60) and radiotherapy were associated with a reduced likelihood of RTW. Women were more likely than men to RTW. Manual labour was linked to a lower likelihood of re-employment than white-collar jobs (OR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.78-0.89). In terms of timing, male sex and chemotherapy delayed the process, whereas radiotherapy accelerated it (HR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.00-1.06).

Identifying barriers to RTW after cancer is essential for improving quality of life and social reintegration in people who have experienced cancer. These findings highlight the complexity of RTW and the need for a personalized approach. However, the evidence is limited by heterogeneity and differences in study design.

The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42022384364).

To characterize alcohol use patterns, awareness of alcohol's oncologic risks, and efforts and intentions to reduce consumption among cancer survivors in New Hampshire and Vermont.

Cross-sectional survey of 471 cancer survivors aged ≥21 years enrolled in two state-wide, online panels. Participants reported their current or former alcohol use, completed the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification (AUDIT), and replied to a series of items regarding any efforts to reduce consumption and related motivations and barriers.

Among 471 survivors, 34.2% of which had an alcohol-related cancer, 65.8% were current alcohol users and 29.1% former alcohol users. Awareness that alcohol increases cancer risk was reported by 49.7% of current and 48.2% of former alcohol users. Among current alcohol users, 26.5% would like to reduce consumption within the next 6 months, with this subset consuming a median of seven drinks/week and 23.2% having an AUDIT score ≥8. Negative impacts on cardiovascular health and memory were top health concerns related to alcohol use, while using alcohol to socialize and for stress relief were key obstacles to reducing consumption.

A substantial proportion of cancer survivors consume alcohol, with limited awareness of its oncologic risks. Even among this sample of largely moderate alcohol users, a considerable portion wished to reduce their alcohol use. Educational and behavioral interventions targeting cancer survivors are needed to raise awareness about alcohol risks and address barriers to reducing alcohol consumption. The 2025 U.S. Surgeon General's Advisory identifying alcohol as the third leading preventable cause of cancer lends urgency to these efforts, and focusing on that role may improve overall survivorship.