Viewing art in museums is enjoyable and meaningful. Although previous work has found that creating art promotes mental and physical health, whether these benefits extend to passively viewing art is unclear. We manipulated exposure to art by having participants visit a museum exhibit and compared this experience to a neutral and another pleasant activity. To assess physical health, we measured participants' heart rate during these activities and collected salivary cortisol before and after the activity. To assess mental health, participants rated their subjective well-being and stress. Compared to the neutral or positive activity, viewing art led to greater subjective well-being and lower stress. Benefits for stress were particularly pronounced for those who began the study with high levels of stress. However, heart rate and cortisol changes did not differ by condition. These results suggest the potential for museum-based interventions to foster mental health, one hour but were inconclusive concerning physical health.

Emotional well-being is a multifactorial concept, which comprises not only life quality of human individuals, but also their mental and physical health. It encompasses several key parameters, many of which have behavioral representation in daily life. These include finding positive meaning of life events, ability to maintain supportive and caring social interactions, reward-oriented behavior, and many others. It is well-known that the behavioral phenotype is tightly bound to certain physiological and metabolic factors, among which sphingolipid (SL) balance of the organism and especially central nervous system might play an important role. Recent research proposes that SLs mediate multiple components of emotional well-being. The most abundant brain SL types, ceramides and gangliosides, dynamically shape the composition of protein carrying cellular membranes and overall neuronal plasticity. Multiple studies show the contribution of SLs to normal brain functioning and corresponding beneficial behavioral phenotypes, such as stress resilience, cognitive performance, and social interactions, which determine emotional well-being. On the other hand, an imbalance in SL metabolism affects normal functioning of cells and thus contributes to the development of several psychiatric disorders, such as depression, anxiety, cognitive decline, schizophrenia, and others. SLs are suggested as a potentially new mechanism of the key behavioral manifestations of emotional well-being, which might be further investigated as new biomarkers of life quality as well as physical and mental resilience.

Evidence regarding the associations of total physical activity with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in Chinese adults is limited. The study aimed to evaluate the relationships between them.

Baseline data on physical activity and demographic characteristics of 24,288 Chinese adults were collected from the Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance 2010-2015 in Jiangsu Province. The mortality data were obtained using a combination of the Jiangsu Province Cause of Death Registry and active follow-up in 2021. The two databases were matched to form a cohort. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of the associations of total physical activity with all-cause and CVD mortality. Restricted cubic splines were used to investigate the dose‒response relationship between total physical activity and all-cause and CVD mortality.

Among the 22,680 registered individuals (aged 52.7 ± 14.8 years; female 55.9%), 1,596 adults died in total, and 630 died from CVD during a median follow-up of 8.2 years. Multivariable Cox models showed that compared to individuals in the lowest quartile of total physical activity, HRs (95% CI) for those in the highest quartile were 0.82 (95% CI: 0.71-0.94) for all-cause mortality, 0.77 (95% CI: 0.61-0.98) for CVD mortality, and 0.49 (95% CI: 0.28-0.86) for ischemic stroke mortality. The restricted cubic spline revealed a nonlinear association between total physical activity and all-cause mortality. Subgroup analysis showed that physical activity was significantly associated with lower mortality among women, never‑smokers, and never‑drinkers (HRs [95% CI]:0.87[0.77-0.98], 0.88[0.80-0.97], 0.87[0.80-0.95], respectively), but this association was not significant in men, smokers, or drinkers.

Our prospective analysis indicated that total physical activity was inversely associated with the risk of all-cause, CVD, and ischemic stroke death. The current data suggest a potential beneficial effect of physical activity for reducing premature death risk.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a lethal malignancy with a 5-year survival rate of 13% as the 7th leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Most patients are ineligible for resection at diagnosis. Monotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has shown limited success in PC, with objective response rates below 5% and median overall survival rarely exceeding 6 months. This systematic review evaluates the efficacy and safety of combining gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel with ICIs in pancreatic cancer.

To assess the efficacy and safety of combining gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel chemotherapy with ICIs in patients with pancreatic cancer.

A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was performed using predefined keywords. Eligible studies included original research articles employing interventional, cohort, case-control, or cross-sectional designs. Case reports, case series, and review articles were excluded. Data extraction and quality assessment using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT, 2018) were conducted independently by two reviewers.

Of 1904 search results, seven studies met inclusion criteria: four clinical trials and three retrospective cohorts. Sample sizes ranged from 17 to 180 participants with advanced or locally advanced PC. Median overall survival was ~15 months (range: 9.8-16.7) versus 8-9 months for chemotherapy alone. Progression-free survival ranged from 5.5-9 versus 3.5-5.5 months. Objective response rates varied between 18%-50% for combination therapy and 23%-29% for chemotherapy. Grade 3-4 adverse events were mainly hematologic (anemia, neutropenia) and neurologic (fatigue, peripheral neuropathy). ICIs included PD-1 inhibitors (pembrolizumab, nivolumab, toripalimab, camrelizumab, tislelizumab, sintilimab), PD-L1 inhibitor (durvalumab), and CTLA-4 inhibitor (tremelimumab).

Combining ICIs with gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel appears feasible and safe, with signals of improved efficacy compared with chemotherapy alone. However, evidence remains limited, and further large-scale trials are warranted to confirm survival benefits and optimize therapeutic strategies in pancreatic cancer.

Non-communicable diseases are the leading causes of premature mortality worldwide. Both genetic predispositions and environmental exposures affect disease risk. While biobanks have increased understanding of genetic predictors of these diseases, environmental influences are expected to have a greater impact on disease development. Individuals also create their own environments and lifestyles based on genetically regulated preferences, leading to gene-environment interactions that require large datasets to study. Finnish biobanks typically lack sufficient lifestyle and environmental data, which limits their use. We present a protocol for a biobank-recall study (BioRecall) to collect data on lifestyle and environmental exposures and combine these findings with genotypes, biological samples and clinical outcomes.

All previously genotyped donors from the Central Finland Biobank who have been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and have consented to recall will be invited to participate in the pilot study. The preliminary feasibility assessment reveals that there are 1580 suitable candidates. Participants will complete an electronic questionnaire on a secure online platform. The questionnaire includes validated questions on lifestyles, anthropometrics, weight loss history, health, symptoms, work characteristics, emotional states and residential environments. Postcode information will facilitate the addition of spatial environmental data. Genotype and related clinical data will be provided in the study in accordance with the Finnish Biobank Act and combined with questionnaire data.

The Human Sciences Ethics Committee of the University of Jyväskylä delivered a favourable statement regarding the study protocol (1671/13.00.04.00/2023). Central Finland Biobank approved the research plan (no: BB24-0333-A01). The data collected will be returned to the Central Finland Biobank for research purposes with the participants' consent. Permission for data usage can then be applied through standard protocols of the Fingenious service (https://site.fingenious.fi/en/). If successful, the study will be expanded to other donors and Finnish biobanks.

Integration of management of tuberculosis (TB) and HIV with prevention and treatment of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is a global priority. However, delivering the full spectrum of HIV/TB and NCD services is hindered by a lack of evidence regarding effective models and strategies for integrating NCDs and HIV/TB care services in varying contexts and across interventions. We conducted a scoping review to describe service delivery models and strategies used to facilitate integration of NCD care in HIV and/or TB care settings in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

We searched eight electronic databases for studies published from 2010 to 2025 that evaluated methods to integrate evidence-based screening and/or treatment of NCDs (diabetes, cervical cancer, hypertension and depression) and NCD risk factors (alcohol and tobacco use) in the context of HIV and/or TB care in LMICs. We applied a framework for categorising integration models ranging from coordination to full integration and used implementation science taxonomies to define implementation strategies and outcomes.

72 articles were included; 62.5% evaluated implementation of NCD interventions in HIV care settings, 31.9% in TB care and 5.6% in both. Less than a third (27.8%) reported a fully integrated service delivery model (shared systems and services). Commonly described implementation strategies included training (81.9%), evaluation strategies (43.1%), interactive assistance for providers (40.3%) and infrastructure change (eg, changing record systems) (37.5%).

Studies in LMICs are evaluating a range of strategies and service models for integrating NCD interventions into HIV and TB care in LMICs. This reflects differences in health system capacity and priorities. Greater alignment with WHO systems-integration models and implementation science frameworks could strengthen the evidence base and support progress towards global NCD goals through more consistent reporting of frameworks, integration strategies and implementation outcomes.

Accurate non-invasive diagnosis of early-stage ovarian cancer remains challenging because of the limited number of biomarkers. Although artificial intelligence algorithms show promise for ovarian cancer diagnosis, their reliance on specialized engineering knowledge hinders their accessibility. The recent emergence of visual large language models such as GPT-4o has further expanded the potential of AI in this domain.

GPT-4o was trained to automatically recognize ovarian lesions, report key computed tomography (CT) features of ovarian lesions, and make a benign or malignant diagnosis based on these features. Radiologists and gynecologic oncologists independently reviewed the GPT-4o reports and evaluated GPT-4o's performance.

GPT-4o achieved diagnostic accuracies of 80.80%, 79.14%, and 93.33% in the three datasets. Its performance surpassed that of gynecologic oncologist with 10 years of experience but was inferior to that of gynecologic oncologist with 16 years of experience and radiologists with ≥ 7 years of experience. The clinician-rated reliability in detecting the four key CT features was 4.22/5.00 for cyst wall and septum status; 4.24/5.00 for nodular or papillary protrusions; 4.30/5.00 for density and enhancement distribution; and 4.25/5.00 for cystic-solid characteristics. The use of GPT-4o increased the accuracy of radiologist and gynecologic oncologist diagnoses by 1.96% and 10.50%, respectively.

GPT-4o identifies the key CT features of ovarian cancer and achieves promising diagnostic accuracy with high-quality diagnostic evidence.

Blood group typing is essential in transfusion medicine, transplantation, and prenatal care. With the elucidation of the molecular genetics underlying blood group antigens, primarily single-nucleotide variants (SNVs), DNA-based genotyping has emerged as a powerful alternative to serological methods, enabling more accurate and comprehensive antigen prediction.

This review outlines the evolution of blood group genotyping technologies, structured around 2 main paradigms: targeted assays and comprehensive genomic approaches. Within targeted methods, throughput has progressed from low-throughput techniques (e.g., PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism [PCR-RFLP]) to medium-throughput platforms (e.g., multiplex PCR with melting curve analysis) and high-throughput targeted solutions such as DNA microarrays. Comprehensive sequencing methods for high-resolution discovery, including Sanger sequencing, next-generation sequencing (NGS) and nanopore sequencing, enable unbiased, genome-wide antigen profiling. Together, these techniques allow for the detection of weak and variant antigens, the resolution of serological discrepancies, and high-resolution antigen profiling. This enables the identification of low-prevalence antigens as well as clinically significant high-prevalence antigen-negative phenotypes across ethnically diverse populations. We discuss the clinical and operational advantages of genotyping in complex scenarios such as alloimmunized patients and rare blood donor identification. Furthermore, applications extend beyond transfusion to organ transplantation and noninvasive prenatal testing for hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn.

Molecular blood group genotyping offers a robust, scalable, and precise complement to serology. Integrating these technologies into routine practice enhances patient safety, optimizes blood inventory management, and contributes to broader insights into human genetic diversity. Continued technological advancements promise to further transform personalized transfusion strategies.

The Asia-Oceania region faces increasing challenges in rehabilitation demand due to an aging population, an increase in noncommunicable diseases, trauma, natural disasters, and socio-economic disparities. Despite the substantial need for rehabilitation, the academic development in physical and rehabilitation medicine remains uneven across the region, with significant gaps in workforce capacity, professional development, research, and regional collaboration. The proposed Asia-Oceania Academic Network of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine will provide a collaborative academic platform to strengthen education, research, leadership, and capacity-building activities across the region. The initiative is aligned with WHO Rehabilitation 2030, the UN Sustainable Development Goals, and priorities identified by the International Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, the Asia-Oceania Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, the Asia-Oceania Society of Neurorehabilitation, and regional national societies. This network has the potential to harmonize clinical training standards and curricula, academic exchange programs, promote interdisciplinary research, support early-career academics, facilitate knowledge transfer, enhance mentorship, and advocate for integrated rehabilitation within existing national health systems. This article outlines the rationale, vision/mission, and strategic priorities for establishing the Asia-Oceania Academic Network of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine. It represents a strategic and necessary response to the escalating need for rehabilitation in the region through collaborative action, leadership development, and academic excellence.