Kv10.1, also known as Eag1 or KCNH1, is a voltage‑gated potassium ion channel, which exists in cell membrane and is closely associated with cancer and multiple precancerous lesions. Emerging experimental evidence shows that Kv10.1 is essential for the occurrence, growth, metastasis, proliferation and death of various malignant tumors. The pathogenesis of Kv10.1 and the signal pathways involved in its regulation are different in different cancers. The present review explored the origin, structure, distribution in normal and tumor cells, physiological and pathological characteristics, roles in cancer and tumor regulation mechanisms of Kv10.1. Finally, Kv10.1 related signaling pathways and its current use as a pharmacological modulator are summarized, aiming to provide new insights into the pharmacological research of Kv10.1 in cancer.

Multiplexed biomarker assessment is increasingly required in oncologic diagnostics, yet tissue depletion from sequential immunohistochemistry (IHC) and molecular testing limits routine pathology. Many multiplex immunofluorescence platforms rely on iterative staining or complex instrumentation, restricting scalability and clinical adoption.

The aim is to develop and clinically evaluate a hyperspectral multiplexed fluorescence imaging platform for simultaneous detection of multiple diagnostic biomarkers on a single formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue section potentially compatible with routine workflows.

A Fourier transform hyperspectral system incorporating a monolithic Sagnac interferometer was engineered for single-shot, full-spectrum acquisition without filter switching or iterative staining. A seven-biomarker lung cancer panel was applied in a single staining and imaging workflow, and custom spectral reconstruction and unmixing generated spatially resolved biomarker maps. Clinical performance was assessed retrospectively through blinded comparison with single-plex chromogenic IHC.

The system achieved submicron spatial resolution with minimal spectral cross-talk, enabling robust seven-channel imaging. Single-section analysis showed complete diagnostic concordance with reference IHC across the evaluated cohort of non-small cell lung cancer and other thoracic specimens and revealed biomarker co-localization, including tumor-associated PD-L1.

This platform enables high-content diagnostic profiling from a single FFPE tissue section while conserving tissue and preserving spatial information, supporting further evaluation of its potential integration into routine clinical pathology workflows.

Primary intracranial sarcoma is a recognized entity within the World Health Organization Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System (CNS) and comprises an aggressive subgroup of mesenchymal, non-meningothelial neoplasms. Among these, tumours associated with DICER1 alterations have recently been characterized as a distinct molecular subset. Although globally rare, primary intracranial sarcomas consistent with the DICER1-associated spectrum demonstrate an unusually high incidence in Peru, where they represent the second most common high-grade pediatric CNS malignancy after medulloblastoma. This study aimed to describe their clinicopathological features and outcomes in a large national cohort.

We retrospectively analyzed 112 pediatric cases diagnosed between 2011 and 2025 at the National Cancer Institute of Peru, integrating histopathology, immunohistochemistry and clinical outcomes.

The median age was 7 years, and most tumours were supratentorial, predominantly affecting the frontal and parietal lobes. Histologically, they exhibited spindle, pleomorphic and undifferentiated round cell patterns, with frequent hyaline globules and aberrant vasculature. Immunohistochemistry showed recurrent ATRX loss, p53 overexpression and high proliferative indices, whereas myogenic markers were variably expressed. Median overall survival was 25 months, with 12-, 36- and 60-month survival rates of 65.7%, 45.9% and 44.0%, respectively. None of the tested markers (ATRX, p53 and Ki-67) demonstrated prognostic significance.

This is the largest pediatric series of DICER1-mutant primary intracranial sarcomas reported from a low- and middle-income country. The findings confirm their poor prognosis and biological heterogeneity, highlighting the urgent need for integrated molecular and epidemiological research to identify risk factors and improve patient outcomes.

Differentiating enchondroma from low-grade chondrosarcoma remains challenging due to significant overlap in clinical presentation, imaging characteristics, and histopathological appearance. Accurate diagnosis is crucial in guiding appropriate treatment and preventing unnecessary aggressive management.

A 25-year-old female presented with progressive right knee pain for 20 days. Te X-ray was inconclusive. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a well-defined intramedullary lesion within the distal femur measuring approximately 7.6 × 2.6 × 3 cm. Initial computed tomography (CT)-guided biopsy results were inconclusive. Repeat imaging, including magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography-CT, suggested a non-aggressive lesion without metastatic disease. After multidisciplinary tumor board discussion, a repeat biopsy demonstrated a cartilaginous neoplasm compatible with enchondroma. The patient subsequently underwent intralesional curettage with antibiotic-loaded bone cement filling. Final histopathological analysis confirmed a benign enchondroma.

This report highlights the importance of clinicoradiological correlation and repeat biopsy when initial investigations provide conflicting information in suspected cartilage tumors.

Breast cancer has the highest incidence among Korean women. With the global rise in breast augmentation, the number of patients diagnosed with breast cancer after augmentation is increasing. Surgical management in this group remains controversial, as breast-conserving surgery (BCS) followed by radiation therapy poses challenges such as capsular contracture, poor cosmetic outcomes, and difficulty obtaining clear margins. This study aimed to assess the feasibility and clinical outcomes of BCS with radiation therapy in breast cancer patients with prior augmentation.

We conducted a single-center, retrospective case series review of 4,568 patients who underwent breast cancer surgery at Korea University Guro Hospital between 2008 and 2023. Seventeen patients had prior breast augmentation. Clinical records, imaging, pathology, and surgical data were reviewed for tumor characteristics, implant placement, treatment, and recurrence. Postoperative mammography was used to assess breast symmetry.

Of the 17 patients (mean age, 46 years), 16 underwent BCS and 1 underwent mastectomy due to extensive microcalcification. Tumor stages ranged from ductal carcinoma in situ to stage IIB. One local recurrence occurred 7 years after surgery. The mean breast volume difference between the treated and untreated breast was 104 mL. No implant rupture or removal occurred during surgery.

Our findings suggest that BCS with radiation therapy is a feasible treatment option for patients with prior augmentation, as adequate margins were achieved in most cases. However, postoperative breast asymmetry may occur. Given the small sample size and retrospective nature of this study, further large-scale studies are needed to confirm oncological safety and evaluate long-term cosmetic and patient-reported outcomes.

Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the kidney is an extremely rare malignancy, usually originating from the renal pelvis due to continuous irritation from infections and nephrolithiasis. However, it can also arise from parenchyma. It has rarely been reported in the literature. Renal squamous cell carcinoma often presents late with nonspecific symptoms such as flank pain and hematuria. It is typically linked to kidney stones, and because of its nonspecific clinical symptoms and radiological characteristics, patients often seek medical attention only in the advanced stages of the disease. This kidney neoplasm is aggressive in nature and usually has a poor prognosis. Most patients present with an advanced stage of the disease, and it has an unfavorable outcome. In this report, we cover a case of primary squamous cell carcinoma with staghorn kidney stones in a 70-year-old patient.

The present case is a 70-year-old man who presented to the Emergency Department of Ali Abad Teaching Hospital, Kabul, with complaints of flank pain and anorexia. The hospital performed laboratory, ultrasound, and histopathological examinations. Ultrasound showed an enlarged kidney with several staghorn stones, and pus was noted in the renal collecting system. The patient underwent laparotomous radical nephrectomy due to suspicion of renal cell carcinoma. Histopathological examinations showed evidence of keratin pearl formation, stromal invasion, and areas of necrosis, supporting the diagnosis of renal squamous cell carcinoma. No clinically apparent primary tumor was identified outside the kidney. The patient was then referred to the oncology department. Despite appropriate medical therapy, the patient died after 2 months of follow-up.

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the kidney is a rare and highly aggressive malignancy strongly associated with chronic nephrolithiasis. Early detection remains challenging due to nonspecific clinical and radiological features. Clinicians should consider the possibility of renal squamous cell carcinoma in patients presenting with renal masses, nephrolithiasis, and flank pain. Also, this malignancy should remain a differential diagnosis of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in patients with persistent kidney stone disease. It is often diagnosed postoperatively after nephrectomy.

Laryngeal schwannomas are extremely rare, accounting for approximately 0.1% of benign laryngeal neoplasms. Those arising from the aryepiglottic fold are even rarer, and classic symptoms include dysphagia or globus sensation. Isolated chronic cough as the sole presentation is rare in schwannoma. We report a 72-year-old female with persistent cough for 10 years, found to have a large round mass on the posterior edge of the right aryepiglottic fold. Intraoperative frozen section and postoperative immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of schwannoma. She underwent successful endoscopic transoral resection using a low-temperature plasma knife (coblation). Complete tumor removal was achieved with minimal blood loss, and her cough improved markedly. No recurrence was noted at 6 months. This case provides a valuable clinical reference for the minimally invasive management of similar lesions.

Essential oils (EOs) are known for their rich chemical diversity and wide-ranging pharmacological properties. This study investigated the chemical profile and antiproliferative mechanism of Artemisia nilagirica (Asteraceae) essential oil (ANEO) against human gastric adenocarcinoma cells (AGS and KATO III). Hydrodistillation yielded 0.95% (v/w) ANEO, with camphor (22.59%), caryophyllene oxide (11.28%), and humulene epoxide II (10.52%) as major constituents. ANEO showed potent, dose-dependent cytotoxicity with IC₅₀ values of 23.51 ± 0.39 µg/mL (AGS) and 17.36 ± 0.55 µg/mL (KATO III). Mechanistically, ANEO induced significant oxidative stress, causing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation (up to 11,600 ± 580 units in AGS), glutathione depletion, and increased lipid peroxidation (Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) up to 4.00 ± 0.11 nmol/mg in AGS and 4.10 ± 0.31 nmol/mg in KATO III). This oxidative imbalance triggered mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis, evidenced by cytochrome c release (up to 10,600 ± 490 units in KATO III) and increased apoptotic protease-activating factor-1 (Apaf-1) expression, leading to effector caspases-3/7 activation. The findings demonstrate that ANEO exerts its anti-gastric cancer effect primarily via ROS-mediated oxidative stress, activating the intrinsic apoptotic pathway.

To improve the clinical efficacy and quality of perioperative care for patients with liver cancer undergoing Yttrium-90 selective internal radiation therapy (⁹⁰Y-SIRT) and to standardize perioperative management and radiation safety practices, experts from relevant fields in China, led by the Tumor Interstitial Implantation Therapy Professional Committee of the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association and the Interventional Therapy Quality Control Center of Shanghai, developed this expert consensus on the perioperative management based on the clinical application and experience of ⁹⁰Y-SIRT in China, together with relevant domestic literature. The final consensus covers patient selection and treatment decision-making for ⁹⁰Y-SIRT, radiation protection and safety management, perioperative stratified management strategies, and discharge preparation and follow-up management. This consensus provides guidance and a practical framework for the perioperative management of patients undergoing ⁹⁰Y-SIRT.

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder resulting from pathogenic variants in the TSC1 or TSC2 genes, leading to hyperactivation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and subsequent development of benign neoplasms in multiple organs. Kidney involvement is frequent, being angiomyolipoma the most common lesion. Angiomyolipoma can occur since childhood and progress throughout life, potentially leading to complications such as hemorrhage and chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aims to characterize the kidney phenotype in a Brazilian cohort of TSC patients and identify potential risk factors associated with kidney complications.

This real-world retrospective observational study analyzed data from TSC patients recorded on their first nephrology consultation at two Brazilian university hospitals between September 2019 and August 2024. Clinical, laboratory and imaging data were collected from medical records. Comparative analyses were conducted based on sex, history of kidney hemorrhage, kidney invasive interventions and CKD G3-G5D.

172 patients were included (28 ± 14.2 years, 62.2% female, 22.7% pediatric). Angiomyolipoma was the most frequent renal lesion (91.7%) with increasing prevalence with age, followed by cysts (45.2%). 41.9% of the patients meeting renal indications were receiving mTOR inhibitor. The prevalence of CKD G3-G5, kidney hemorrhage and interventions was 9.9%, 16.6%, and 27.9%, respectively. Comparative analysis matched by age showed that female patients have slightly lower eGFR (117 [94-127] vs. 126 [97-149] mL/min/1.73m²; p = 0.02) and a trend toward higher prevalence angiomyolipomata ≥ 30 mm, kidney invasive interventions and larger angiomyolipomata size. Logistic regression identified age as the only factor independently associated with a history of kidney hemorrhage [OR 1.06 (1.01-1.11)]. CKD G3-G5D was associated with older age, larger angiomyolipoma, previous kidney hemorrhage and invasive interventions.

This Brazilian cohort study demonstrated that TSC-related kidney involvement may occur early in life, displays a progressive profile and leads to severe kidney outcomes. The high rates of kidney complications and the suboptimal utilization of mTOR inhibitors underscore the need to increase awareness, early referral to nephrologist and timely therapeutic intervention.