While the association between child maltreatment and later mental illness is well established, less is known about whether this relationship extends intergenerationally.

To investigate intergenerational child protection service (CPS) contact and offspring mental disorder diagnoses across four familial patterns: no CPS contact, cycle breakers (parental CPS contact only), cycle initiators (offspring CPS contact only), and cycle maintainers (both generations).

The study used linked administrative data from >75,000 Australian children (birth to ∼18 years) and their parents.

Binary logistic regression models examined associations between intergenerational CPS patterns and offspring mental disorder diagnoses (internalizing, externalizing, neurodevelopmental disorders, self-harm/suicidal ideation) adjusting for socio-demographic indicators and parental history of mental illness.

In adjusted models, offspring categorized as cycle breakers differed from offspring from families with no CPS contact for internalizing disorders (OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.14-2.03) and externalizing disorders (OR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.37-2.83). Offspring classified into initiator and maintainer families were more likely to have all disorder types compared to offspring from families with no CPS contact; the largest ORs were for externalizing disorders (initiator, OR = 5.41, 95% CI = 4.91-5.97; maintainer, OR = 8.82, 95% CI = 7.6010.23) and self-harm/suicidal ideation (initiator, OR = 5.21, 95% CI = 4.66-5.82; maintainer, OR = 7.82, 95% CI = 6.54-9.35).

Cycle breaker families and families with no CPS contact had similarly low levels of mental disorder across diagnosis type. Findings show a strong association between child maltreatment victimization and mental illness, underscoring the importance of early, targeted intervention to inform child protection and mental health policy.

Real-world evidence on desvenlafaxine effectiveness and tolerability in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) remains limited, particularly in clinically heterogeneous populations. This multicentre observational study evaluated the real-world effectiveness and tolerability of desvenlafaxine, focusing on depressive and anxiety symptoms, response, remission, and side-effects burden.

This multicentre prospective observational study included 197 outpatients with DSM-5-TR Major Depressive Episode initiating desvenlafaxine. Assessments were conducted at baseline (T0), one month (T1), and three months (T2). Depressive symptoms (MADRS) were the primary outcome; anxiety (HAM-A), manic symptoms (YMRS), and tolerability (ASEC) were secondary outcomes. Response was defined as ≥50% MADRS reduction and remission as MADRS <10.

Participants (mean age 46.1 ± 14.6 years; 55.3% female) showed clinically relevant baseline severity (MADRS 30.8 ± 7.3). MADRS scores decreased significantly over time in both unadjusted and adjusted models (both p < 0.005), with greater reductions at T2. A significant time × dose association was observed at T1 (p = 0.013), although no dose-related difference persisted at T2; prior hospitalisation was associated with attenuated improvement (p < 0.005). Anxiety symptoms improved significantly across follow-up (p < 0.005). Response and remission rates increased markedly from T1 to T2 (response: 12.4% to 66.7%; remission: 3.9% to 32.6%; both p < 0.005). Overall side-effect burden decreased significantly (p < 0.005), with reduced prevalence of most adverse events. Mean YMRS scores remained low throughout follow-up, with no clinically meaningful increase from baseline.

In this multicentre real-world cohort, desvenlafaxine was associated with substantial improvements in depressive and anxiety symptoms, increasing response and remission rates, favourable tolerability. These findings support desvenlafaxine as an effective and well-tolerated treatment option in routine clinical practice.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by persistent neuroinflammation, oxidative imbalance, cognitive decline, Aβ buildup, tau phosphorylation, and synaptic dysfunction. Despite progress in understanding AD's development, effective treatments are still limited. Isorhapontigenin (ISO), a methoxylated stilbenoid similar to resveratrol, shows neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative effects. In this study, we explored ISO's therapeutic potential in a mouse model of AD-like pathology induced by LPS, focusing on TLR4/RAGE-triggered NF-κB signaling pathway and related neuroinflammatory responses, oxidative stress, GSK3β signaling, tau pathology, Aβ accumulation, glial activation, and synaptic health. Western blot and immunofluorescence techniques were used to measure the levels of TLR4/RAGE signaling components, glial markers (GFAP and Iba-1), p-NF-κB signaling pathway activation, proinflammatory cytokines ( TNF-α, COX-2, and IL-1β), oxidative stress indicators (Nrf2 and HO-1), neurodegeneration markers (p-GSK3β, p-tau, and Aβ), and synaptic proteins (PSD-95, SNAP-23, and SYP). Nissl staining helped assess neuronal density and structure. BV2 microglial cells were treated similarly in vitro, followed by viability tests and Apotox-Glo™ triplex assays, along with protein expression analysis. The levels of TLR4, RAGE, GFAP, and Iba-1 increased in the LPS-treated group, along with proinflammatory mediators, ROS, LPO, and neurodegenerative markers. Yet, ISO treatment significantly reduced their expression. Moreover, LPS lowered Nrf2 and HO-1 levels, reduced p-GSK3β, and decreased synaptic proteins, indicating oxidative damage and synaptic failure. ISO reversed these changes by restoring p-GSK3β, activating Nrf2/HO-1, and boosting synaptic protein levels, followed by behavioral improvement as evidenced by reduced escape latency and increased spontaneous alternations in the Morris water maze (MWM) and Y-maze tests. Additionally, ISO preserved neuronal and synaptic integrity and provided consistent neuroprotection in BV2 cells. Overall, these results demonstrate that ISO reduces LPS-induced AD-like pathology by activating TLR4/RAGE-driven p-NF-κB, decreasing neuroinflammation, enhancing Nrf2/HO-1 activity, inhibiting GSK3β, lowering Aβ and p-Tau accumulation, preserving synaptic health, and prominent improvement in spatial memory, emphasizing its potential as an AD treatment.

To systematically review the current status, hotspots, knowledge structure, and evolutionary trends of research on just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs) in the field of mental health using bibliometric methods, providing references for future research and practice.

Literature related to JITAI and mental health was retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database, covering the period from its inception to January 6, 2026. CiteSpace software was used to analyze publication trends, collaboration networks, co-citation clustering, and keywords of the 451 ultimately included articles, with the results visualized.

The annual publication volume has shown explosive growth since 2021, reaching a peak in 2025 (117 articles). The United States ranked 1st with 304 publications and a centrality of 0.59. The University of Michigan had the highest number of publications (51 articles), while the University of Southern California had the highest centrality (0.14) in the institutional collaboration network. Michael S. Businelle had the highest publication count (20 articles). Keyword clustering identified 14 core themes, including ecological momentary assessment, mental health, and weight management. The research trajectory has evolved from methodological innovations towards clinical applications and differentiated interventions for specific populations. Burst keyword analysis indicates that current research frontiers focus on ecological momentary interventions, micro-randomized trials, and data reliability validation. Combining clustering and burst keywords, research hotspots can be summarized into 3 main directions: methodological innovations centered on micro-randomized trials and reinforcement learning; clinical applications targeting emotional and behavioral issues; and differentiated interventions for specific populations and contexts.

The application of JITAIs in mental health is developing rapidly and has become a hot topic in interdisciplinary research. However, research capacity is unevenly distributed, and international collaboration needs strengthening. Future efforts should focus on cross-regional and interdisciplinary collaboration, deepen validation of intervention effectiveness, ensure data reliability, and establish ethical guidelines to promote the field towards precise, scalable, and responsible applications.

The purpose of this review is to investigate the relationship between emotional dysregulation and adolescent suicide, as well as advancements in assessment and treatment methods. A literature search was conducted using the CINAHL and MEDLINE databases. The database search occurred during the month of December 2022. This article summarizes the commonly used assessment tools for emotional dysregulation in clinical settings, as well as psychological interventions and research advancements in the field. Emotional dysregulation has a strong correlation with adolescent suicide; however, there is a need for further improvement in assessment tools, particularly focusing on longitudinal observation and assessment. Regarding psychological interventions, it is important to explore more efficient and shorter modalities while including family members to ensure treatment effectiveness.

Globally, cannabis ranks third in psychoactive substance prevalence after nicotine and alcohol, with heavy use linked to psychosis, anxiety, and depression. However, real-time data on how legal reforms influence consumption remain scarce. This Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) study analyzed daily cannabis use patterns before and after Germany's recreational cannabis decriminalization in April 2024 in 49 individuals (34.7% women, age 33.8 ± 11 years). Following the legal reform, a selective increase in consumed amounts among younger individuals (β = 0.01, 95%CI = 0.00-0.02, z = 3.05) was observed. Further, consumed amounts increased in outdoor (β = 0.19, 95%CI = 0.04-0.34, z = 2.51) but decreased in public settings (β = -0.46, 95%CI = -0.66 - -0.25, z = -4.36), and consumption was more likely to occur on holidays (β = 3.91, 95%CI = 1.68-9.08, z = 3.17). All ps < 0.05. By capturing the immediate post-legalization period, this study contributes to important early insights to inform prevention, treatment, and regulation.

Although educational attainment influences both cognitive function and metabolic regulation, the biological mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear. This study investigated whether cerebrospinal fluid fibroblast growth factor 21 (CSF FGF21) mediates the association between educational attainment and cognitive function, and whether this pathway is moderated by the KLB rs17618244 genotype.

A total of 186 participants were included in this cross-sectional study. Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and CSF FGF21 levels were measured. Genotyping of the KLB rs17618244 variant was performed using MassARRAY single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping technology. Mediation and moderated mediation analyses were conducted using the PROCESS macro.

CSF FGF21 significantly mediated the association between educational attainment and cognitive function (β = 0.02, 95% CI: 0.0003 to 0.0526). Moderated mediation analysis further indicated that the KLB rs17618244 genotype significantly moderated this indirect pathway (Index = -0.05, 95% CI: -0.1219 to -0.0002). Specifically, the indirect protective effect of educational attainment on cognitive function through CSF FGF21 was significant only among AA/AG carriers (Effect = 0.05, 95% CI: 0.0060 to 0.1205), but not among GG carriers.

In this cross-sectional study, CSF FGF21 statistically accounted for part of the association between educational attainment and cognitive function, particularly among KLB rs17618244 AA/AG carriers.

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) disproportionately impact low- and middle-income countries. In India, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) lead in mortality and disability, driven by tobacco use, poor diet, and inactivity. Large-scale prevention remains limited.

This study aims to identify CVD risk factors and estimate the 10-year risk of stroke or myocardial infarction (MI) among hypertensive patients attending the Medicine outpatient department (OPD) at All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Deoghar, India.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Medicine OPD of AIIMS Deoghar, Jharkhand, from February to June 2024, including 365 hypertensive patients aged ≥30 years selected through purposive sampling. Eligibility criteria and recruitment procedures were predefined. Data were collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire covering sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral factors. Blood pressure was measured using a calibrated mercury sphygmomanometer under standard conditions, and laboratory investigations (random blood sugar [RBS] and lipid profile) were performed as per hospital protocols. The primary outcome was the 10-year CVD risk estimated using QRISK 3, with relevant variables systematically recorded. The 10-year CVD risk was estimated using the QRISK3, a validated risk prediction tool originally developed in the United Kingdom. It calculates individual risk of developing CVD (including MI and stroke) based on multiple variables such as age, sex, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio, and comorbid conditions (e.g., diabetes, chronic kidney disease, atrial fibrillation, and rheumatoid arthritis). The algorithm provides an absolute 10-year risk percentage to guide cardiovascular risk stratification and preventive decision-making. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. Continuous variables were expressed as mean ± SD and categorical variables as proportions. Associations were assessed using Chi-square and Pearson's correlation. A P value < 0.05 was considered significant. Bias was minimized through standardized measurements and predefined criteria. Ethical approval was obtained from Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) and Institutional Review Committee (IRC), AIIMS Deoghar, and written informed consent was taken from all participants.

The study included 57.8% male and 42.2% female participants. Smoking prevalence was high (88.8%), and 22.7% of participants had diabetes. Uncontrolled hypertension was present in 21.6%, with 20.8% receiving treatment. The mean 10-year QRISK3 score was 11.67 (SD = 11.16), with a relative risk mean of 1.53 (SD = 1.01). The mean QRISK3 Healthy Heart Age was 58.68 years (SD = 12.44), indicating a substantial deviation from optimal cardiovascular health. Correlation analysis revealed significant associations between age, systolic blood pressure, and RBS with CVD risk scores.

Among hypertensive patients attending a tertiary-care center in Jharkhand, the mean 10-year QRISK3-estimated cardiovascular event risk was 11.67%, indicating a moderate-risk profile. Age, systolic blood pressure, glycemic status, and lipid abnormalities were the major contributors to risk. These findings highlight the need for routine cardiovascular risk assessment, optimal blood pressure control, smoking cessation, and improved diabetes management to reduce future stroke and MI risk.

This retrospective study of 98 patients assessed whether hypertensive heart disease (HHD) is associated with angiographic coronary artery disease (CAD) burden, quantified by the Duke CAD Index, and whether HHD or CAD burden influenced revascularization strategy. HHD was independently associated with higher Duke CAD Index values in linear regression (B = 10.33, p = 0.038) and with greater odds of more severe CAD categories in ordinal regression (OR = 3.19, p = 0.015). However, revascularization choice did not differ by HHD status or CAD severity (p = 0.95). A model incorporating age, sex, diabetes mellitus, and HHD demonstrated moderate discriminative ability for predicting severe CAD (AUC = 0.753). These findings suggest that HHD identifies a high-risk coronary atherosclerotic phenotype, but they are hypothesis-generating and require confirmation in larger prospective studies before clinical application.

Significant cardiovascular morbidity is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which is also associated with the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS).

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of MetS and identify its associated factors among patients with SLE.

This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2024 to December 2025. A total of 427 adults diagnosed with SLE according to the 2019 EULAR/ACR classification criteria were recruited using consecutive sampling. Demographic, clinical, biochemical, and disease-related data were collected and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 25.0 (Released 2017; IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Categorical variables were compared using the chi-square test, continuous variables using the independent-samples t-test, and multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify factors independently associated with MetS.

Among the 427 patients with SLE, 39.34% met the diagnostic criteria for MetS. The most frequent MetS components were low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, central obesity, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, and elevated fasting plasma glucose. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, older age, obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²), longer disease duration, lupus nephritis, physical inactivity (defined as <150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity per week), a family history of diabetes mellitus, and corticosteroid use were independently associated with higher odds of MetS, whereas hydroxychloroquine use was independently associated with lower odds of MetS.

MetS was common among patients with SLE and was independently associated with several demographic, disease-related, treatment-related, and lifestyle factors. These findings underscore the importance of routine metabolic screening and comprehensive assessment of metabolic abnormalities as part of the clinical management of patients with SLE. Given the cross-sectional design of the study, the observed associations should not be interpreted as causal, and prospective longitudinal studies are warranted to clarify temporal relationships and validate these findings.