Solitary fibrous tumor of liver (SFTL) is a rare mesenchymal neoplasm. Due to its low incidence and atypical clinical presentation, preoperative diagnosis is often challenging, making imaging features critical for its identification. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), a dynamic imaging technique, has been demonstrated to provide high diagnostic accuracy for hepatic lesions. This study reports the CEUS characteristics of a percutaneous biopsy-confirmed SFTL in an adult patient. The findings included peripheral hyperenhancement during the arterial phase, progressive centripetal filling with partial perfusion defects, and early washout commencing in the portal venous phase, which became more pronounced in the delayed phase.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are sub epithelial soft tissue neoplasms in the gastrointestinal tract. Extragastrointestinal stromal tumors (E-GISTs) are rare, comprising 5%-7% of GISTs. A case of a 65-year-old female with abdominal bloating, heaviness, and constipation is reported. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a mass in the ischioanal region, initially thought to be a solitary fibrous tumor. The mass was completely excised, and pathological examination confirmed it as a C-Kit Negative E-GIST. This case highlights the rarity and uniqueness of the ischioanal mass detected through pelvic MRI.

Autoimmune gastritis (AIG) is a chronic atrophic gastritis predisposing to neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), dysplasia, and gastric cancer (GC). In a cohort of 1,551 patients with suspected AIG, we identified 46 with neoplastic lesions and 134 without such lesions and compared their clinicopathological and endoscopic features. NETs typically appeared as polypoid/submucosal tumors with dilated vessels or central depression; epithelial neoplasms showed variable morphologies, with irregular microvessels under narrow-band imaging (NBI). Extensive corpus atrophy and antral patchy redness were independent risk factors for AIG-associated neoplasia, whereas female sex was protective. These findings support a risk model integrating clinical, endoscopic, and pathological features for individualized surveillance.

Keratocystoma is a rare benign neoplasm of the parotid gland, histologically characterized by multicystic keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium. Due to its resemblance to squamous malignancies, it represents a diagnostic challenge. This systematic review aims to summarize all published cases of parotid gland keratocystoma and to integrate one newly identified case in order to define its clinicopathologic features and clinical outcomes.

A systematic literature search of PubMed and Google Scholar was conducted without date restrictions in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251024191). Peer-reviewed case reports and case series of histopathologically confirmed keratocystoma limited to the parotid gland were included. Demographic, clinical, radiologic, histopathologic, immunohistochemical, therapeutic, and follow-up data were extracted and descriptively analyzed. Methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklists. One additional institutional case treated at Hannover Medical School in March 2025 was included.

Fifteen patients (14 from the literature and one new case) were identified. The mean age was 36.9 years (range: 1-77 years) with a slight male predominance. All tumors presented as painless parotid swellings and were treated surgically, most commonly by partial or lateral parotidectomy. No recurrences were reported during a mean follow-up of 22.8 months. Histologically, all cases demonstrated consistent squamous epithelial features with immunohistochemical positivity for AE1/AE3, CK5/14, and p63. The newly reported case represents the oldest patient described to date.

Keratocystoma of the parotid gland exhibits reproducible benign clinical behavior and characteristic histopathologic features. Surgical excision appears curative, supporting its classification as a distinct benign salivary gland neoplasm that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cystic parotid lesions.

To address the dual challenges of chemotherapy toxicity and poor tumor microenvironment regulation in gastric cancer, we developed a copper-molybdenum bimetallic organic framework nanozyme (CMP) that integrates chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT). The system leverages synergistic reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and localized hyperthermia to deliver efficient, low-toxicity treatment.

The CMP nanodrug was synthesized by encapsulating Keggin-type phosphomolybdic acid (H₃PMo_{1 2}O_{4 0}) into copper-based MOF pores via hydrothermal reaction. Physicochemical properties were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Systematic evaluation of antitumor efficacy and biosafety was conducted through in vitro assays (CCK-8, calcein-AM/PI staining, ROS detection) and in vivo xenograft models (subcutaneous implantation of NCI-N87 cells in BALB/c nude mice).

The CMP nanozyme demonstrated exceptional photothermal conversion efficiency (29.4% under 808 nm laser). In vitro experiments revealed significant cytotoxicity with ROS elevation. In vivo studies showed significant tumor growth inhibition without hematotoxicity (WBC, ALT levels showed no statistical significance vs. controls). Histopathology confirmed extensive tumor necrosis with preserved cytoarchitecture in vital organs (heart, liver, spleen, and kidney).

The CMP nanozyme achieves potent antitumor efficacy through photothermal-enhanced Fenton-like reactions, depleting glutathione and amplifying ROS. It suppresses gastric cancer in vivo with minimal systemic toxicity, representing a promising nanoplatform for precision therapy.

Liver cancer is one of the malignant tumors with high global incidence and mortality rates, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounting for 90% of primary liver cancer cases. Due to the lack of specific symptoms in early-stage liver cancer, diagnosis is often delayed, leading to the majority of patients being identified at intermediate to advanced stages with poor prognoses. Early diagnosis is critical for improving patient survival; however, conventional diagnostic methods face limitations such as low sensitivity and insufficient specificity. Nanomaterials have demonstrated great potential in laboratory research to overcome the limitations of traditional detection technologies by virtue of their unique physicochemical properties. However, most of these relevant studies are still in the laboratory stage and require large-scale clinical validation. This review systematically summarizes the innovative applications of nanomaterials in liver cancer biomarker diagnostics, focusing on their mechanisms for improving detection performance, including signal amplification, targeted recognition, and system optimization. It highlights specific applications of nanomaterials in biomarker detection, discusses current challenges in nanodiagnostic technologies, and explores future development trends, aiming to provide novel perspectives for the diagnosis of liver cancer patients.

B vitamins play key roles in one-carbon metabolism, DNA synthesis and methylation, and redox regulation. Their potential association with cancer risk remains debated due to heterogeneous findings and methodological limitations across studies.

This structured narrative review aimed to summarize and clinically contextualize the available evidence on the relationship between the intake of vitamins B2 (riboflavin), B6 (pyridoxine), B12 (cobalamin) and folate (vitamin B9) and the risk of selected cancers.

A structured literature search was performed in PubMed up to 2 September 2025. Evidence was synthesized narratively, prioritizing meta-analyses (including dose-response meta-analyses) of observational studies, and including randomized controlled trials on B-vitamin supplementation when clinically relevant. Methodological quality and risk of bias were appraised narratively focusing on key domains such as exposure assessment, confounding, selection bias, and outcome assessment.

Most evidence derives from observational studies assessing dietary intake and circulating biomarkers. Riboflavin and vitamin B6 intake were generally associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer in several meta-analyses, including dose-response analyses. Vitamin B12 showed inconsistent associations across cancer sites, with concerns regarding confounding by diet and baseline nutritional status. Folate intake and folic acid supplementation showed mixed findings, with some evidence suggesting protective effects in specific populations, while randomized trials raised concerns about potential adverse effects in selected contexts and dosages. Overall, heterogeneity across studies was substantial, partly explained by differences in exposure definitions, baseline folate fortification policies, and co-interventions.

Available evidence suggests potentially protective associations for riboflavin and vitamin B6-particularly for colorectal cancer-whereas findings for vitamin B12 and folate remain inconsistent and context-dependent. Given relevant methodological limitations and potential biases, further well-designed prospective studies and targeted trials are needed to clarify dose, timing and population-specific effects of B vitamins on cancer risk.

Intrathecal morphine (ITM) and continuous wound infiltration (CWI) are two alternatives to thoracic epidural analgesia in major abdominal surgery, but direct comparative studies are lacking. We evaluated whether ITM is noninferior to CWI after open pancreatoduodenectomy.

An open-label, randomised, noninferiority clinical trial conducted at a tertiary hospital. Adult patients undergoing elective open pancreatoduodenectomy were randomised 1:1 to receive either a single-shot ITM (0.2 mg) or bilateral preperitoneal CWI. Both groups received standardised multimodal and intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV-PCA). The primary outcome was the mean coughing pain score, averaged across 24, 48, and 72 h postoperatively, analysed for noninferiority using the 95% confidence interval (noninferiority margin: 1.0). Secondary outcomes included the mean resting pain score, pain score at each time point (2, 24, 48, and 72 h), IV-PCA fentanyl consumption, EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-Level utility score, and postoperative complications.

In the per-protocol population (n = 92), ITM was noninferior to CWI for the primary outcome (ITM: 5.7 ± 1.7 vs. CWI: 6.1 ± 1.5; mean difference -0.5, 95% confidence interval -1.1 to 0.2). ITM was also noninferior to CWI regarding the mean resting pain score. ITM provided significantly lower pain scores at 2 h postoperatively, both at rest and on coughing, with a sustained reduction on coughing at 24 h and reduced fentanyl consumption. Otherwise comparable, ITM increased respiratory depression and pruritus within 24 h.

ITM provides noninferior overall and superior early analgesia to CWI after open pancreatoduodenectomy, although careful monitoring for early side effects is warranted.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (No. NCT06761989, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06761989) registered on 30 December 2024.

This study aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of different ultrasound-based methods for assessing growth in low-suspicion thyroid nodules and to determine whether significant nodule growth (SNG) is associated with malignancy or thyroid neoplasm, as well as its implications for follow-up intervals.

In this retrospective study, 309 patients with 334 low-suspicion thyroid nodules were analyzed. All nodules underwent at least three ultrasound examinations over ≥1 year and had cytopathologic confirmation. SNG was defined using three criteria: diameter-based criterion (DBC; ≥20% increase in at least two diameters with a minimum increase of ≥2 mm), volume-based criterion (VBC; ≥50% increase in volume), and change in the longest diameter alone (≥20% and ≥2 mm increase). Statistical associations between SNG and malignancy or thyroid neoplasm were evaluated using odds ratios (ORs).

Nodule growth was common, occurring in 57.8% of nodules according to DBC or VBC and in 51.5% based on the longest diameter, with substantial concordance between methods (κ=0.68). The median time to SNG was 2.9 years for DBC or VBC and 2.6 years for the longest diameter. SNG was not significantly associated with malignancy (OR, 1.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.69 to 2.06) or thyroid neoplasm (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.59 to 1.88).

Among cytopathologically confirmed low-suspicion thyroid nodules, SNG was not associated with malignancy or thyroid neoplasm. Measurement of the longest diameter alone provided a practical alternative to more complex growth assessment methods. Given that the median time to SNG exceeded 2.6 years, current ultrasound follow-up intervals for low-suspicion nodules may warrant cautious reconsideration.

This study aimed to evaluate how a deep learning-based artificial intelligence (AI) system that provides automatic lesion detection and diagnosis affects the diagnostic performance of readers from diverse professional backgrounds.

A total of 1,000 breast ultrasound (US) images (500 malignant, 250 benign, and 250 negative) were independently reviewed by 15 readers (six radiologists, three surgeons, three physicians, and three radiographers) in two sessions: session 1 without AI assistance and session 2 with AI assistance following a 2-week washout period. Reader performance across sessions was compared using the area under the localization receiver operating characteristic curve (AULROC), sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy.

With AI assistance, the reader-averaged AULROC increased significantly from 0.864 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.831 to 0.898) to 0.910 (95% CI, 0.888 to 0.931) (P=0.002). The standalone AI achieved an AULROC of 0.909 (95% CI, 0.889 to 0.930). Radiographers demonstrated a significant increase in AULROC, from 0.868 (95% CI, 0.840 to 0.897) to 0.922 (95% CI, 0.908 to 0.936) (P=0.032). Across all readers, sensitivity increased from 85.3% to 95.0% and accuracy from 82.3% to 85.7% (both P<0.001). Specificity did not change significantly among radiologists or surgeons (P=0.089 and P=0.955, respectively) but decreased among physicians (82.3% vs. 75.7%, P<0.001) and radiographers (81.7% vs. 76.7%, P<0.001). Radiologists without fellowship training or with <8 years of experience showed significantly improved sensitivity and accuracy, accompanied by decreased specificity after AI assistance (all P<0.05).

AI assistance significantly increased the average diagnostic performance of readers in breast US interpretation. Among less experienced professionals and radiologists, improvements in sensitivity and accuracy were accompanied by decreased specificity.