Parotid gland tumors account for 1-3% of head and neck tumors and approximately 70-80% of all salivary gland neoplasms, most of which are benign and predominantly occur in adults. However, non-neoplastic parotid lesions, such as chronic granulomatous sialadenitis, are rare entities with an estimated incidence of 1.7%. They may present as slow-growing, painless masses that are clinically indistinguishable from benign tumors, representing a diagnostic challenge.

We report the case of a patient with a left parotid mass of two years' evolution, initially evaluated by fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) (reported as Milan category II, non-neoplastic) and subsequently treated with surgical excision. Histopathological analysis revealed chronic granulomatous sialadenitis, with no evidence of infectious agents or apparent systemic involvement, suggesting a possible autoimmune or idiopathic origin.

FNAB is the initial diagnostic method of choice due to its low cost, accuracy, and minimal complication rate. It shows a sensitivity of 80%, specificity of 97%, positive predictive value of 90%, and negative predictive value of 94%. However, when cytological findings do not allow confirmation of the nature of the lesion, or when the clinical course is atypical, surgical excision with subsequent histopathological evaluation becomes necessary. Ideally, intraoperative biopsy analysis should be available to establish the definitive diagnosis.

Granulomatous reactions in the parotid gland may result from ductal obstruction, specific infections, or systemic granulomatous diseases, making clinico-pathological and immunohistochemical correlation essential. This case highlights the importance of considering inflammatory lesions in the differential diagnosis of parotid masses and the need for a stepwise approach that combines cytology, imaging, and selective surgery.

Targeted chemotherapy for colorectal cancer is often limited by nonspecific drug distribution and systemic toxicity. To improve local therapeutic efficacy and reduce side effects, we designed a thermally gated, dual-stimuli-responsive nanoplatform for controlled doxorubicin (DOX) delivery.

CoFe₂O₄ (CFO) nanocubes were synthesized and coated with Au nanoparticles via atomic layer deposition (ALD) to obtain CFO/Au nanocomposites with enhanced photothermal properties while retaining magnetic responsiveness. The optimal sample (CFO/Au-2) was further modified with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) to improve aqueous dispersibility and provide abundant carboxyl groups for DOX loading, yielding CFO/Au-2/PAA/DOX. A thermal gate was then constructed using 1-tetradecanol (TD), a phase-change material with a melting point of ~38 °C, to obtain CFO/Au-2/PAA/DOX/TD. The structural, magnetic, and photothermal properties, DOX loading and release behavior, and in vitro cytotoxicity against SW620 colorectal cancer cells were systematically evaluated under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation and/or alternating magnetic field (AMF).

CFO/Au-2/PAA/DOX/TD exhibited a high DOX loading capacity (~26 wt%) and good colloidal stability. Minimal DOX leakage occurred at physiological temperature, confirming effective encapsulation by solid TD. Under NIR and/or AMF stimulation, the nanocomposite generated pronounced local heating, induced TD melting, and triggered rapid DOX release, with the combined NIR + AMF condition producing the fastest release profile. In vitro, the carrier without DOX showed minimal cytotoxicity toward SW620 cells, whereas CFO/Au-2/PAA/DOX/TD under dual stimulation produced significantly enhanced cytotoxicity toward SW620 cells compared with free DOX at the same drug concentration.

This ALD-engineered CFO/Au-2/PAA/DOX/TD nanoplatform integrates magnetic and photothermal heating with thermally gated, dual-stimuli-responsive drug release, enabling precise spatiotemporal control of DOX delivery. The results suggest strong potential for combined and localized colorectal cancer therapy with reduced systemic toxicity.

Current cervical cancer treatments have yet to realize significant advances in patient quality of life. To overcome the challenges of off-target toxicity and inefficient delivery, we developed targeted ROS-responsive selenium nanoparticles, based on selenium's anticancer properties.

FA-ReRSeNPs were synthesized and subjected to systematic characterization of their physicochemical and biological properties. The anti-tumor activity of FA-ReRSeNPs, along with the mechanistic basis, was validated using integrated in vitro assays and in vivo animal models.

Using human cervical cancer cells (Hela and SiHa) and a SiHa subcutaneous xenograft nude mouse model, we verified that FA-ReRSeNPs significantly reduced the selenium dose required for anticancer activity, while alleviating off-target damage to normal tissues. Mechanistic studies confirmed that FA-ReRSeNPs exert anticancer effects via inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway; this inhibition subsequently induces tumor cell apoptosis and restrains proliferation. Cross-validated results from in vitro assays and in vivo burden analyses demonstrate that FA-ReRSeNPs possess superior tumor-inhibitory potential with high targeting specificity.

This work confirms FA-ReRSeNPs as a precision-driven nanotherapeutic for cervical cancer management. The fusion of active targeting and ROS-responsive release mechanisms addresses the classic efficacy-toxicity dilemma of conventional anticancer agents, highlighting the translational value of intelligent nanoengineering in advancing cancer therapies.

In RESPONSE/RESPONSE-2, ruxolitinib was superior to best available therapy (BAT) in patients with polycythemia vera (PV).

Report a post hoc pooled RESPONSE/RESPONSE-2 analysis.

RESPONSE/RESPONSE-2 were randomized, open-label phase III trials. Adults with hydroxyurea-resistant/intolerant PV were randomized 1:1 to ruxolitinib or BAT; crossover to ruxolitinib was allowed after primary analysis.

JAK2V617F allele burden, hematocrit control, and Myeloproliferative Neoplasm Symptom Assessment Form total symptom score (MPN-SAF TSS) were assessed.

Among 371 patients, mean JAK2V617F allele burden declined from baseline (ruxolitinib, 66.1%; crossover, 69.5%) through week 208 (41.4%; 37.1%). Significantly more ruxolitinib versus BAT patients achieved hematocrit control at week 28 (62.0% vs 18.2%; p < 0.0001) and ⩾50% reduction in MPN-SAF TSS at week 16 (48.7% vs 18.0%; p < 0.0001).

Patients receiving ruxolitinib experienced decreased JAK2V617F allele burden, durable hematocrit control, and better symptom improvements versus BAT, reinforcing ruxolitinib clinical benefit.

RESPONSE: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT01243944; RESPONSE-2: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02038036.

The clinical manifestations of lung cancer are diverse. Presentation initially as the Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH) is relatively uncommon. This article reports the diagnosis and treatment process of a 76-year-old male patient with hyponatremia, ultimately diagnosed with SIADH attributed to small cell lung cancer (SCLC). The patient presented with fatigue and significant hyponatremia. Comprehensive investigation excluded adrenal, thyroid, and other functional abnormalities. Combined with features including high urinary sodium, euvolemic status, and normal renal function, the findings were consistent with a diagnosis of SIADH. Subsequent imaging and pathological examinations revealed the etiology to be SCLC. Management included fluid restriction, sodium supplementation, and the use of tolvaptan. Subsequent chemotherapy and radiotherapy for the SCLC led to the gradual normalization of serum sodium. This article reviews the literature in conjunction with this case, summarizing the diagnostic approach to hyponatremia, as well as the diagnostic workup, pathophysiological mechanisms, and treatment strategies for SIADH, aiming to enhance the early recognition and comprehensive management of this condition.

Müllerian adenosarcoma (MAS) is a rare uterine neoplasm, typically arising from the endometrial surface. MAS originating from adenomyosis is exceptionally uncommon, with fewer than 10 cases reported, and poses diagnostic, staging, and therapeutic challenges. We report a 35-year-old nulliparous woman presenting with 6 months of abnormal uterine bleeding and iron-deficiency anemia. Initial imaging suggested benign endometrial polyps and fibroids, and two hysteroscopic curettages yielded benign findings. Persistent symptoms prompted further MRI and CT evaluation, revealing a large, heterogeneously enhancing intramural mass with junctional zone disruption and deep myometrial infiltration. Uterus-preserving excision and second-opinion pathology review ultimately confirmed low-grade MAS likely arising from adenomyosis. Given persistent radiologic concerns, definitive management with total laparoscopic hysterectomy and salpingo-oophorectomy was recommended. MAS arising from adenomyosis frequently leads to false-negative superficial biopsies and presents with nonspecific imaging characteristics that may mimic benign lesions or endometrial carcinoma. Accurate diagnosis requires deep tissue sampling and comprehensive histopathologic review. Current FIGO staging does not account for intramural tumors, complicating risk assessment and management. This case emphasizes the importance of considering MAS in patients with discordant clinical, imaging, and biopsy findings. Thorough histopathologic evaluation, multidisciplinary collaboration, and reporting of such rare cases are essential to improve recognition, diagnosis, and management strategies for MAS.

Exercise has emerged as a fundamental therapeutic medicine in the management of cancer and is associated with a lower risk of recurrence and increased survival. A growing body of evidence has emerged on the acute effects of a single bout of exercise as well as chronic effects in suppressing growth of different cancer cell lines. The purpose of this review was to systematically examine the acute effects of exercise-conditioned serum and determine the impact of chronic exercise-conditioned serum on cancer cells in vitro. A systematic search was undertaken in PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus (via EBSCOhost), and Web of Science from inception to July 2024. Eligible studies examining the effects of acute and chronic exercise training on cancer cells in vitro were included. Fourteen studies met the eligibility criteria (n = 423). Acute exercise-conditioned serum has inhibitory effects on different cancer cell lines in vitro, when performed at moderate to high intensity, regardless of the training mode. For the chronic effects of exercise-conditioned serum the findings were mixed with some studies showing cancer-suppressive effects, while others reported no impact. Evidence suggests that acute exercise-conditioned serum can inhibit cancer cell growth in vitro, including breast, prostate, colorectal, and lung cancers. However, chronic effects are inconsistent, with some studies showing cancer-suppressive effects on breast and prostate cancer cells, while others show no change. Limitations of the studies should be considered, and additional research is necessary to determine the role of exercise prescription specifics such as mode and volume/intensity.

The 1,2,4-oxadiazole scaffold has attracted considerable interest as a privileged structure for anticancer drug development due to its favorable physicochemical properties and multimodal bioactivity. This study presents a comprehensive computational investigation to evaluate the potential of a series of 1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives as dual inhibitors of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), two key drivers in these malignancies. An integrated in silico strategy was employed, combining density functional theory (DFT), molecular docking and dynamics simulations, pharmacokinetic profiling, and machine learning models. Our workflow identified several lead compounds exhibiting promising dual-binding characteristics. Key derivatives demonstrated superior predicted binding affinity and complex stability compared to the reference inhibitor erlotinib. Pharmacokinetic evaluations indicated that the series possesses favorable drug-likeness, with high predicted oral bioavailability and a low risk of cardiotoxicity. Furthermore, machine and deep learning models achieved robust performance in classifying compound activity, underscoring their utility in virtual screening. Collectively, this work validates the 1,2,4-oxadiazole core as a promising scaffold for dual HER2/ERα inhibition and provides a rational, multi-faceted computational blueprint. The identified lead compounds warrant subsequent experimental validation, and the established framework serves as a valuable template for accelerating the discovery of next-generation targeted cancer therapies.

To explore the distribution of Chinese medicine constitution (CMC) types across the spectrum of health states related to nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and provide evidence-based information for the prevention and treatment of NPC at different stages of the disease.

PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and three major Chinese databases were searched to retrieve literature reporting the correlation between populations across related health states of NPC and CMC, using the same standardized classification since 2009. Three authors independently screened and evaluated the quality of the methodology. The main outcomes were the single proportion and the odds ratio (OR) of each constitution type across related health states of NPC, and the effect sizes were expressed as proportions or as ORs with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed to determine the sources of heterogeneity.

Data of 1174 patients from 11 different studies were included in the present study. Qi-deficiency (QD), balanced, and Yang-deficiency constitutions accounted for 25.5% (95% CI: 19.0-32.0, p < 0.01), 16.1% (95% CI: 18.1-26.1), and 15.4% (95% CI: 9.5-21.4), respectively. The distribution across related health states of patients with NPC varied across different stages of the disease. QDC showed a significant association with both Epstein-Barr virus infection and NPC diagnosed status in the included populations compared with that in healthy controls.

QDC is a major factor associated with NPC across different health statuses. However, the cross-sectional nature of the available evidence highlights the need for more high-quality prospective cohort studies to clarify the temporal relationship and causal role of specific constitutions in NPC development.

Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common type of primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, a disease characterized by malignant T cells that home to the skin. In early stages, clinical presentation is often indistinguishable from benign chronic inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD), posing a challenge for proper diagnosis and treatment. Previous studies have established that MF is characterized by the expansion of a single T-cell clone, whereas benign skin conditions are polyclonal in nature. In this study, we aimed to use single-cell RNA sequencing data to detect distinct transcriptomic features of early-stage MF in comparison to AD skin. In early-stage MF, we observed gene expression differences in cells of both the stroma and the immune system, with keratinocytes exhibiting increased interferon response and proliferation (STAT1, ICAM1, HLA-DRA, GJB2), while fibroblasts displayed tumour-associated programs (CXCL2, TNFAIP6, CEBPD). Myeloid cells exhibited expression of immunomodulatory genes (RUNX3, DDIT4, IL4I1), and malignant T-cells expressed exhaustion-associated markers (CXCL13, SOCS3, F2R, ETV1), as opposed to AD and healthy control samples. Thus, our results provide a novel insight into the immune-stroma crosstalk in the tissue microenvironment of early-stage MF vs. AD skin lesions.