Orbital venolymphatic malformations (OVLM) are rare congenital vascular anomalies that may cause progressive proptosis, visual loss, facial disfigurement and marked psychosocial burden. Management is challenging especially when the disease is multifocal, diffuse and with limited response to conventional therapies. We describe a school-aged child with a right eye refractory extensive orbital venolymphatic malformation leading to marked visual impairment and disfigurement despite multiple prior sclerotherapy sessions. After multidisciplinary evaluation, oral sirolimus was initiated with written informed consent from the parents in a refractory setting. After 9 months of treatment, visual acuity improved from counting fingers at 3 metres to 6/12, proptosis reduced substantially, conjunctival chemosis resolved completely, ocular motility became full with minimal residual hypotropia and the palatal lesion resolved, with mild residual lip hypertrophy. At 19 months of follow-up after initiation of therapy, visual acuity had further improved to 6/9-2, MRI demonstrated near-complete radiological regression of the lesion, no clinically significant adverse effects or recurrence. The child resumed normal activities. This case highlights the potential role of systemic mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition in complex, refractory orbital venolymphatic malformations and highlights careful patient selection and long-term follow-up.

The risk of rehospitalization in patients with heart failure (HF) has initiated various efforts to prevent and simultaneously improve quality of life. Self-monitoring at home is one option, and technology is increasingly being used for this purpose.

This pilot study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary effects of a digital home monitoring intervention on patient-reported outcomes and 30-day readmissions among patients with HF in Indonesia.

A mixed methods pilot study was conducted, combining qualitative system development and quantitative evaluation. Patients were assigned to an intervention group (digital monitoring) or control group (standard care). Readmission rates were compared using chi-square tests and odds ratios. Changes in Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire scores were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models.

A total of 60 patients were included (n=30, 50% in the intervention group; n=30, 50% in the control group). Readmission occurred in 20% (6/30) of patients in the intervention group and 43.3% (13/30) of patients in the control group (odds ratio 0.33, 95% CI 0.10-1.09; P=.10). Linear mixed-effects analysis showed greater improvement in Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire overall summary score in the intervention group (P=.02). Improvements were observed in the physical limitation, symptom frequency, symptom burden, quality of life, and social limitation domains. During follow-up, 3.3% (1/30) of the patients in the intervention group died of non-HF-related causes, and 10% (3/30) of the patients in the control group died due to HF.

This pilot study suggests that digital home monitoring is feasible and associated with improvements in patient-reported outcomes, with a potential signal toward reduced readmission. Larger studies are needed to confirm effectiveness.

Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is an ophthalmic emergency analogous to acute ischemic stroke, presenting with sudden painless vision loss and carrying a poor visual prognosis. The use of thrombolysis in managing CRAO remains controversial; recent randomized trials have not demonstrated statistically significant improvement in visual outcomes, though authors acknowledge potential underpowering to detect a clinically meaningful effect, with larger trials ongoing. Observational data suggest time-dependent treatment effects within a 4.5-hour window. Regardless of treatment efficacy, rapid recognition and evaluation within this narrow therapeutic window are essential for time-sensitive intervention. This study evaluated CRAO incidence and barriers to timely diagnosis within a regional healthcare system.

Retrospective chart review of patients diagnosed with CRAO across Avera Health facilities (June 2018-September 2025). Cases were identified using ICD-10 codes and confirmed through medical record review. Thrombolysis rates were used as a process measure to identify workflow inefficiencies. Data included presentation site, referral pathways, time from symptom onset to presentation, and thrombolysis eligibility and administration.

Of 107 patients identified, 67 had complete documentation. Initial presentation occurred across multiple settings: 36 (53.7%) to the emergency department, 31 (46.3%) to ophthalmology/optometry/outpatient settings. Forty-three patients (64.2%) presented >4.5 hours after symptom onset. Among 24 presenting within the window, 7 (29%) received thrombolysis, 4 (16.7%) had contraindications to thrombolysis, and 13 (54.2%) either presented to or were referred to ophthalmology for evaluation, all of whom were diagnosed outside the treatment window.

Timely CRAO evaluation remains uncommon due to delayed presentation and diagnostic delays awaiting ophthalmologic consultation. Among patients presenting within the treatment window, just 45.8% received time-sensitive treatment options. Referral for ophthalmologic evaluation prior to emergency department diagnosis was the most common barrier (54.2%). Streamlined triage pathways, emergency department education, and remote retinal imaging may facilitate earlier diagnosis and preserve treatment opportunities.

ObjectiveThe monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) integrates inflammatory burden with anti-inflammatory lipid status, yet its prognostic value for long-term outcomes in critically ill patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the association between MHR and 1-year all-cause mortality in this high-risk population.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-III and IV databases (2001-2019). Adult patients (≥18 years) with CHD were included, excluding those with ICU stay <24 hours or missing monocyte count/HDL-C data, yielding 3,004 patients. MHR was calculated as monocyte count (×10⁹/L) divided by HDL-C (mmol/L). The primary outcome was 1-year all-cause mortality. Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank tests compared survival across MHR tertiles. Restricted cubic splines assessed dose-response relationships. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression with progressive adjustment evaluated MHR-mortality associations. Subgroup analyses examined effect modification across predefined clinical characteristics.ResultsThe cohort had a mean age of 73.5 years, with 65.8% males. Patients in the highest MHR tertile (T3) demonstrated greater disease severity, higher comorbidity burden, and more intensive treatment requirements. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed significantly lower 1-year survival in T3 versus T1 (68% vs. 80%, log-rank P<0.001). Restricted cubic spline analysis showed a linear relationship (P for non-linearity=0.441). After adjustment for demographics, vital signs, comorbidities, laboratory parameters, and treatments, each 1-unit increase in MHR conferred a HR of 1.33 (95% CI: 1.18-1.51), per-SD HR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.03-1.17. Tertile analysis demonstrated a dose-response pattern, with T3 showing HR=1.25 (95% CI: 1.04-1.51) compared with T1 (P for trend<0.05). Subgroup analyses revealed consistent associations across most strata.ConclusionsElevated MHR is associated with increased 1-year mortality in critically ill CHD patients. As a readily available composite marker, MHR may have supplementary prognostic relevance, but its clinical utility requires prospective validation.

Excess sugar intake in early life may affect long-term brain health, but evidence for dementia is limited. We used the abrupt end of UK sugar rationing in September 1953 as a natural experiment to test whether exposure to sugar rationing during different windows within the first 1,000 days from conception was associated with adult risk of all-cause dementia, Alzheimer disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD).

We analyzed UK Biobank participants born around the end of UK sugar rationing. Exposure was classified as rationing in utero only, in utero plus the first year of life, in utero plus 1-2 years of life, or no exposure. Incident dementia was identified from linked ICD-10 records. MRI of the brain and cognitive function were assessed in the imaging subcohort. Adjusted Cox and Gompertz models estimated HRs and 95% CIs, Fine-Gray models accounted for competing risk, and mediation analyses evaluated type 2 diabetes and hypertension.

Among 64,737 participants included in the analysis, the mean age at recruitment was 54.6 years, and 56.4% were women; 40,963 were exposed to sugar rationing during fetal and/or early-childhood life, and 23,774 were unexposed. Compared with unexposed individuals, sugar rationing in utero plus the first year of life was associated with lower hazards of all-cause dementia (HR, 0.79; 95% CI 0.66-0.94) and AD (HR, 0.77; 95% CI 0.59-1.00). Similar or slightly stronger associations were observed for exposure in utero plus 1-2 years (all-cause dementia: HR, 0.77; 95% CI 0.63-0.95; AD: HR, 0.72; 95% CI 0.53-0.98). Exposure in utero plus 1-2 years was associated with delayed onset of all-cause dementia by 2.55 years, AD by 2.87 years, and VaD by 2.49 years. Early-life sugar rationing was also associated with higher total gray matter volume (β, 3.27; 95% CI 0.46-6.07), lower white matter hyperintensity volume (β, -0.64; 95% CI -0.97 to -0.31), and better performance in processing speed and reasoning. Incident type 2 diabetes and hypertension jointly mediated 25.5% of the association.

Sugar restriction in the first 1,000 days was associated with lower dementia hazards, delayed onset, and more favorable brain-health profiles. These results support early-life sugar reduction as a potential strategy for dementia prevention.

Cardiovascular disease arises from interactions between inherited risk, molecular programmes, and tissue-scale remodelling that are observed clinically through imaging. Cardiac MRI (CMR), computed tomography (CT), and echocardiography are integral to routine cardiovascular care, while bulk RNA sequencing, single-cell RNA sequencing, and spatial transcriptomics are providing increasingly detailed molecular characterization of cardiac tissue. Yet, these imaging and molecular data are still analysed in largely separate pipelines. This review examines joint representations that link cardiac imaging phenotypes to transcriptomic and spatially resolved molecular states. An imaging-anchored perspective is adopted in which echocardiography, CMR, and CT define a spatial phenotype of the heart, and bulk, single-cell and spatial transcriptomics provide cell-type- and location-specific molecular context. We define the representation requirements of each modality, compare multimodal fusion strategies, and synthesize integrative pipelines for radiogenomics, spatial alignment, and image-based gene-expression prediction, together with their validation requirements, limitations, and failure modes. Spatial multiomic maps of human myocardium and atherosclerotic plaque, together with single-cell, spatial, and multimodal medical foundation models, are advancing imaging-anchored multiomics; however, cost, scalability, and tissue availability remain substantial barriers to large-scale cardiovascular translation.

Occupational hearing loss is a prevalent occupational disease with potential systemic health implications, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). This cross-sectional study investigated the association between hearing loss and 10-year CVD risk among middle-aged industrial workers in Tehran.

A total of 988 workers (83.7% male, mean age 46.8 ± 5.9 years) underwent routine occupational health examinations, including pure-tone audiometry and cardiovascular risk assessment using the WHO/ISH prediction chart. Hearing-loss phenotypes included low-frequency hearing loss (LFHL), high-frequency hearing loss (HFHL), overall hearing loss (HL), and noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). Ear-specific hearing loss was first assessed separately for the left and right ears; participant-level hearing-loss variables were then defined based on the presence of hearing loss in either ear. The WHO/ISH 10-year CVD risk score was reported descriptively. To avoid conceptual overlap between the composite WHO/ISH score and its component variables, the composite CVD-risk variable was not entered into multivariable logistic regression models. Instead, multivariable logistic regression was used to identify demographic, occupational, and clinical factors associated with each hearing-loss phenotype.

The prevalence of NIHL was 19.9%. Ear-specific HFHL was observed in 27.2% of left ears and 25.5% of right ears, while LFHL was observed in 17.0% of left ears and 18.0% of right ears. In multivariable logistic regression models, sex and age were the most consistent independent factors associated with hearing loss. Female sex was associated with lower odds of LFHL, HFHL, overall HL, and NIHL compared with male sex. Older age was independently associated with LFHL, HFHL, and overall HL. Smoking was independently associated with HFHL and NIHL, while work experience was independently associated with NIHL. Job type and diabetes were not consistent independent predictors in the adjusted models. The composite WHO/ISH CVD-risk score was not included in the adjusted models to avoid conceptual overlap with its component variables.

These findings highlight the importance of demographic, behavioral, and occupational factors, particularly sex, age, smoking, and work experience, in occupational hearing loss among middle-aged industrial workers. Although predicted 10-year CVD risk was described in this occupational cohort, the composite WHO/ISH risk score was not included in multivariable models together with its component variables. Hearing conservation programs should integrate noise control, regular audiometric screening, smoking cessation, and cardiovascular risk assessment as complementary components of occupational health surveillance.

Heart failure (HF) remains a major public health challenge in Asia, with rising prevalence and disability burden. This study analyzed data from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease study (GBD 2021) to assess HF trends across 48 Asian countries from 1990 to 2021. In 2021, there were 29.5 million HF cases in Asia, a 155% increase since 1990, with an age-standardized prevalence rate rising from 583.62 to 633.76 per 100,000. Years lived with disability (YLDs) also surged by 155%, reaching 2.86 million in 2021. China accounted for 44.34% of Asia's HF cases, with the highest YLDs. Treated HF cases were most common, but severe HF contributed most to YLDs. The middle-high socio-demographic index (SDI) region had the highest age-standardized prevalence rate, while most SDI regions saw increasing trends, except Japan and Cyprus. The findings highlight the growing HF burden in Asia, urging targeted interventions to address this escalating health crisis.

Chronic limb threatening ischemia (CLTI) in older adults is associated with severe morbidity and high mortality. The rising prevalence is largely driven by the aging population and confronts healthcare systems with challenges like increasing demand for chronic care, staff shortage and rising healthcare costs. To improve post-operative outcomes and reduce the burden on healthcare systems, multimodal prehabilitation has gained interest and has the potential to improve post operative outcomes. However, evidence of the effect in older adults with CLTI remains scarce. The aim of this study is to determine whether a multimodal multicomponent prehabilitation program (MMPP) reduces length of stay and improves clinical, patient-reported and economic outcomes of older adults with CLTI. We developed a multicenter randomized controlled trial, with embedded cost-effectiveness analyses.. CLTI-patients aged 65 years or older, planned for revascularization, and their primary informal caregiver (IC) will be eligible. A total of 300 patients will be randomized to receive either standard preoperative care or a 2-week MMPP. All patients receive a general health screening. The MMPP includes physiotherapy and, if indicated, referral to a geriatrician, dietician or smoking-cessation coach, ferric carboxymaltose infusion or pre-arranged homecare. The primary outcome is length of stay. Exploratory secondary outcomes include minor complications, quality of life of patient and IC and health related quality of life. Descriptive secondary outcomes include 30-day and 6-month mortality, major complications, readmissions, burden on the IC, cost-effectiveness; and experiences and preferences regarding shared decision making. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effect of an MMPP within older CLTI-patients. Findings will inform healthcare professionals whether an MMPP should be implemented in routine vascular surgical practice to reduce length of stay and improve clinical and patient-centered outcomes. The study is registered at the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (NL-OMON58069).

Echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) remains ambiguous in asymptomatic elderly patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). This study aimed to assess the impact of the 2025 updated ASE guidelines on the diagnosis of LVDD in asymptomatic elderly inpatients with preserved ejection fraction, and to compare the diagnostic consistency of diastolic function grading between the 2016 and 2025 ASE guidelines.

A multi-center retrospective study was conducted. A total of 2058 elderly patients who underwent hospitalization and surgery between January 2025 and December 2025 were enrolled. Patients with LVEF <50% or cardiac symptoms were excluded. All subjects received a comprehensive transthoracic echocardiography. Left ventricular diastolic function was graded in accordance with the 2025 and 2016 ASE recommendations, respectively. The Kappa coefficient and overall agreement rate were calculated to analyze inter-guideline consistency.

Mean age was 70.8 ± 7.98 years, and 48.64% of patients were female. The prevalence of LVDD diagnosed according to the 2025 recommendations was higher than that diagnosed according to the 2016 guidelines (29.3% vs. 24%). Statistically significant inter-group differences were observed in core echocardiographic parameters across all diastolic function strata, including E/A ratio, e' peak velocity, average E/e' ratio, left atrial volume index (LAVi), and Tricuspid regurgitation peak velocity(TR) (p < 0.001). Using the 2016 criteria, 12.8% of patients were classified as indeterminate diastolic function. The 2025 ASE algorithm eliminated all indeterminate cases, reclassifying them as normal diastolic function (n = 80), grade 1 diastolic dysfunction (n = 108), and grade 2 diastolic dysfunction (n = 76). Moderate diagnostic consistency was identified between the two guidelines (Kappa = 0.441), with an overall agreement rate of 75.3%.

Compared with the 2016 ASE guidelines, the 2025 updated ASE recommendations optimize the evaluation framework for left ventricular diastolic function in elderly patients, markedly reduce diagnostic indeterminacy, improve detection rates of LVDD, and demonstrate superior clinical applicability and risk stratification value.