BackgroundType 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major driver of premature vascular aging. We investigated whether Selective Glomerular Hypofiltration Syndromes (SGHS), expressed as ratios of cystatin C- or β2-microglobulin-based estimated glomerular filtration rate to creatinine-based eGFR (eGFRcys/eGFRcr and eGFRb2M/eGFRcr), are associated with carotid, femoral, or aortic stiffness.MethodsWe studied 144 individuals with T2D recruited from the University Diabetology Unit of Pisa, Italy. Local arterial stiffness was assessed at the carotid and femoral arteries using β stiffness index, Peterson's elastic modulus (Ep), and local wave speed (WS). Systemic stiffness was evaluated by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and augmentation index (AIx). Kidney function was assessed using eGFRcr, eGFRcys, eGFRb2M, mean eGFR, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), and eGFR ratios.ResultsA 0.1-unit decrease in eGFRcys/eGFRcr showed a borderline association with higher cfPWV (p=0.087), while age, diabetes duration, UACR, and central pulse pressure were stronger predictors. Lower eGFR ratios were associated with higher carotid WS in unadjusted analyses; after adjustment, eGFRcys/eGFRcr showed a nonsignificant trend (p=0.074). No associations were found with femoral stiffness indices.ConclusionsSGHS was inversely associated with carotid WS in T2D but not with aortic or femoral stiffness.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are increasingly used to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in liver transplant (LT) recipients, but their impact on graft outcomes remains unclear. This study evaluated clinical and graft-related outcomes associated with GLP-1 RA therapy.

We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the TriNetX Network, identifying adults with LT and T2DM. Two cohorts were defined: LT recipients treated with GLP-1 RAs and those receiving conventional antidiabetic therapy. Propensity score matching (1:1) was applied based on demographics, comorbidities, and immunosuppressive regimens. The index date was the first GLP-1 RA prescription within six months before or after LT. Outcomes assessed at one year included all-cause mortality, graft rejection, graft failure, biliary stricture, hepatic artery thrombosis, and transplant-related infections. Analyses used Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazards models.

After matching, 704 patients were included in each cohort. GLP-1 RA use was associated with significantly lower mortality (4.2% vs. 12.6%; HR=0.33, 95%CI: 0.22-0.50; p<0.0001) and reduced risks of rejection (9.0% vs. 15.5%; HR=0.55; p=0.0008), graft failure (7.1% vs. 13.8%; HR=0.50; p=0.0002), biliary stricture (4.1% vs. 6.7%; HR=0.60; p=0.0342), infections (5.7% vs. 10.1%; HR=0.54; p=0.0032), and hepatic artery thrombosis (5.4% vs. 10.7%; HR=0.48; p=0.0007).

GLP-1 RA therapy was associated with improved survival and lower rates of major post-transplant complications, suggesting a potential role as preferred antidiabetic therapy in LT recipients with T2DM.

T2DM is a chronic disease with high prevalence. It can lead to a series of complications, causing severe damage to the body. The aim of the study is to examine the expression of miR-155 in patients with prediabetes and T2DM, and assessment of its diagnostic value.

The biochemical indices of 96 prediabetic patients, 96 patients with T2DM, and 60 healthy subjects were measured using related instruments. The serum expression level of miR-155 in these three groups was detected through RT-qPCR. The early diagnostic value of miR-155 for T2DM was evaluated using a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. The predictive value of miR-155 for chronic complications in T2DM patients was assessed using a Kaplan-Meier curve. A logistic regression analysis was used to further assess the impact of miR-155 and other factors on T2DM complications.

The expression level of miR-155 was found to be down-regulated in the serum of patients with pre-diabetes and T2DM. MiR-155 demonstrated a significant ability to differentiate between prediabetic, T2DM, and healthy individuals. T2DM patients with low miR-155 expression were found to be more susceptible to complications. Therefore, miR-155 can be considered a risk factor for T2DM complications.

The study highlighted the potential use of miR-155 in the early diagnosis and prognosis of T2DM. Additionally, miR-155 is somewhat associated with the onset and progression of T2DM complications.

The aim of the study is to investigate the clinical role of miR-10b-5p in vascular calcification (VC) of diabetic nephropathy (DN) patients undergoing maintenance haemodialysis (MHD).

In this study, 156 patients with DN undergoing MHD were enrolled into the study. Based on coronary angiography results, they were divided into the VC group (n = 93) and the non-VC group (n = 63). miR-10b-5p levels were obtained by RT-qPCR. The relationship between miR-10b-5p and PTH, CRP, and Ca-P product levels was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. Multivariate logistic regression was utilized to analyze the independent risk factors of VC in DN patients undergoing MHD. ROC curves were utilized to analyze the efficacy of serum miR-10b-5p combined with PTH, CRP, and Ca-P product levels in predicting VC in DN patients undergoing MHD.

miR-10b-5p was decreased in DN patients undergoing MHD with VC, while PTH, CRP, and Ca-P product were significantly elevated. In addition, in VC patients, miR-10b-5p was negatively correlated with PTH, CRP, and Ca-P product. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that miR-10b-5p, PTH, CRP, and Ca-P product are independent risk factors of VC occurrence in DN patients undergoing MHD. The ROC curves showed that serum miR-10b-5p combined with PTH, CRP, and Ca-P product levels had high diagnostic value for VC occurrence in DN patients undergoing MHD.

A low level of miR-10b-5p may be a potential risk factor for VC occurrence in DN patients undergoing MHD. The combination of miR-10b-5p with PTH, CRP, and Ca-P product shows potential as clinical diagnostic biomarkers for the occurrence of VC in DN patients undergoing MHD.

Renal vascular lesions are common in diabetic nephropathy (DN), but their association with echocardiographic indices related to diastolic function remains unclear. This study investigated the relationship between renal vascular lesion severity and echocardiographic indices in biopsy-confirmed DN.

This biopsy-based cross-sectional study included 360 patients with biopsy-confirmed DN and available echocardiographic data. Renal vascular lesions were evaluated using a composite score of arteriolar hyalinosis and arteriosclerosis, and patients were categorized into three severity groups (scores 0-1, 2-3, and 4). Echocardiographic indices included E/e', e', and left atrial diameter (LA). Multivariable linear regression models were used to assess the associations between renal vascular lesion severity and echocardiographic parameters. Sensitivity analyses were performed using continuous vascular lesion scores and additional covariate adjustment.

Among 360 patients, 53, 253, and 54 were classified into the 0-1, 2-3, and 4 score groups, respectively. Compared with the 0-1 group, moderate and severe vascular lesions were associated with higher E/e' (β = 1.814 and 2.910, respectively) and larger LA (β = 1.722 and 2.917, respectively) after multivariable adjustment. Continuous score analysis showed that each 1-point increase in vascular lesion score was associated with higher E/e', larger LA, and lower e'. Associations with E/e' and LA were generally consistent across sensitivity analyses, whereas the association with e' was less stable.

In patients with biopsy-confirmed DN, greater renal vascular lesion severity was associated with higher E/e' and larger LA, highlighting a potential link between renal vascular pathology and echocardiographic indices related to diastolic function.

To explore the high-risk factors of multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) infection in patients with acute leukemia, and to construct a nomogram prediction model.

A total of 200 patients with acute leukemia admitted to the Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University from January 2024 to January 2025 were enrolled in this study. The specimens of the enrolled were cultured. According to the presence or absence of MDRO infection, the patients were divided into the MDRO group (n=32) and the non-MDRO group (n=168). Clinical data of the two groups were collected and compared. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of MDRO infection in patients with acute leukemia. A nomogram model was constructed according to the selected influencing factors. The predictive accuracy of the model was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration curve.

Of the 32 patients complicated with MDRO infection, a total of 35 pathogenic strains were isolated. The top three pathogens were methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (14 strains, 40.00%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (7 strains, 20.00%), and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (6 strains, 17.14%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that indwelling drainage tube (OR =4.551), after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) (OR =3.216), use of antibiotics within 90 days of infection (OR =5.192), and diabetes mellitus (OR =5.083) were independent risk factors for MDRO infection in patients with acute leukemia (all P < 0.05). The ROC curve results under the nomogram model showed that the AUC was 0.736 (95%CI : 0.644-0.828), the sensitivity was 0.792, and the specificity was 0.739. The calibration curve and Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test showed χ²=0.973, P =0.615, indicating good fitting performance and favorable predictive accuracy of the model. The decision curve analysis demonstrated that the nomogram possessed high clinical utility in predicting the risk of MDRO infection in patients with acute leukemia.

Indwelling drainage tube, use of antibiotics within 90 days after HSCT, and diabetes mellitus are risk factors for MDRO infection in patients with acute leukemia, and their predictive value is high.

The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an inexpensive inflammatory marker with uncertain value for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk assessment. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated NLR for first-trimester risk stratification and second-trimester adjunctive screening of GDM. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to April 15, 2026. Risk of bias was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS-2) tool. Sensitivity and specificity were pooled separately by trimester, and summary receiver operating characteristic curves were fitted using the Moses-Littenberg method. Eleven studies comprising 12 independent datasets used the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) as the reference standard. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were 0.702 (0.660-0.742), 0.426 (0.401-0.452), and 0.694 (0.559-0.828), respectively, in the first trimester and 0.665 (0.632-0.697), 0.644 (0.618-0.670), and 0.798 (0.723-0.873) in the second trimester. At cutoffs ≤ 3.0, exploratory AUC estimates were 0.845 and 0.850, respectively, but subgroup differences were not formally tested. All studies were at high risk of index-test bias from post hoc threshold selection, seven used case-control designs, and heterogeneity was substantial. NLR may have an adjunctive role in GDM risk assessment but should not replace OGTT or serve as a standalone screening test. No clinical cutoff can be recommended; prospective studies with prespecified thresholds and independent validation cohorts are required.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity represent two major global health challenges. Amylin-based agonists offer a promising perspective. Three frontrunner agents of this class are increasingly being investigated: zenagamtide, eloralintide and cagrilintide-semaglutide (CagriSema).

A search in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and Google Scholar was conducted with the use of appropriate keywords until June 2026 for this narrative review.

Zenagamtide (formerly known as amycretin), a unimolecular long-lasting amylin and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) co-agonist, achieved weight loss up to 13.1% (phase 1 study, 85 days) in obesity trials as an oral formulation and up to 24.3% (phase 1b/2a study, 36 weeks) as a subcutaneous formulation. Moreover, eloralintide, a long-acting mostly amylin type 1 receptor (AMY1R) agonist, achieved weight loss up to 20.1% (phase 2 study, 48 weeks), and CagriSema resulted in weight loss up to 22.7% (phase 3a study, 68 weeks). All these agents reduced body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). In T2DM, CagriSema reduced glycated haemoglobin (HbA_1c) by up to 2.0% (trial product estimand, phase 3a study, 68 weeks) and is currently the most well-studied agent in T2DM. In treatment-naïve people with T2DM, this agent has been successfully used, leading even to T2DM remission in approximately one out of two CagriSema users (phase 3a, 40 weeks). In individuals with T2DM receiving basal insulin, it reduced insulin dose by 20 units compared with the control arm (phase 3a, 40 weeks). The safety profile of amycretin and CagriSema is overall consistent with that of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs). Preliminary evidence suggests that eloralintide, as an AMY1R monoagonist, was associated with a distinct adverse events profile, including fatigue, headache and appetite loss.

These agents hold therapeutic potential in the management of both T2DM and obesity, as shown by preliminary clinical trial outcomes. Further trials are now needed to validate them in clinical practice.

Pregnant women living with HIV (PWLWH) experience cardiometabolic risk across pregnancy and postpartum, including hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), dyslipidemia, obesity, and later metabolic disease. This heterogenous biology reflects gestational adaptation, HIV-associated immune adaptation, antiretroviral therapy (ART), placental function, and underlying cardiometabolic susceptibility. Integrated proteomic-metabolomic prediction studies in PWLWH remain scarce, positioning current evidence as a foundation for biomarker discovery and prospective validation.

This review evaluates molecular and biomarker evidence from PWLWH alongside broader pregnancy literature informing proteomic and metabolomic discovery. Approaches include mass-spectrometry-based proteomics and metabolomics, affinity-based platforms including Olink and SomaScan, nuclear magnetic resonance, targeted assays, and multi-omics integration using regression, network, machine learning, and latent-factor methods. Emphasis is placed on inflammatory, endothelial, angiogenic, lipid, amino-acid, mitochondrial, and immune-metabolic pathways relevant to HDP, GDM, dyslipidemia, and postpartum cardiometabolic risk.

Integrated proteomics and metabolomics offer near-term value for mechanistic discovery and reproducible molecular risk signatures. Translation requires longitudinal cohorts, measured ART exposure, standardized pre-analytics, independent validation, and improvement beyond clinical risk factors. High burden settings additionally require resource-appropriate sampling, simplified targeted assays, local laboratory capacity, sustainable bioinformatics, demonstrable clinical utility, and scalable translational strategies.

Objective responses to peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) for pre-treated patients with well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (WD-NET) and Ki-67 index >10% may not be durable. Response rate to single agent immune checkpoint inhibitors for patients with WD-NET is low. Targeted radiation using PRRT may potentiate anti-tumor immune response. This study evaluated safety and efficacy of the combination of PRRT and the PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab in high-risk WD-NET.

In a single arm prospective pilot study, adult patients with WHO grade 2 or 3 well-differentiated (Ki-67 index >10%) somatostatin receptor avid metastatic NET of any primary site received concurrent pembrolizumab and 177Lu-DOTATATE PRRT. Primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) by RECIST v.1.1. Secondary endpoints were progression free survival (PFS), overall survival, and safety.

A total of 26 patients were enrolled, including 20 patients with grade 3 NET. Median PFS was 13.3 months (range 2.1-33.4 months). ORR was 35%. Median overall survival was 24.1 months (range 4.4 to 52.3 months). Severe adverse events (SAE) occurred in 14 (54%) patients. The most common immune-related AEs were grade 1 or 2 hepatitis (n=7), grade 2 hypothyroidism (n=5), and diabetes mellitus (n=4). Clinical responses were associated with higher baseline frequencies of proliferating CD8+ T cells and lower frequencies of CD14+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the peripheral blood.

Added benefit of CPI to PRRT for patients with high risk WD-NET remains unclear. SAE rate was higher than expected for PRRT alone.