Migrant workers and their families have an increased risk of nutritional vulnerabilities. This scoping review synthesised global evidence on nutritional status, dietary inadequacies, and structural determinants of nutritional vulnerability among migrant workers. We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus for peer-reviewed empirical studies published between January 2001 and June 2025 by following the Arksey and O'Malley framework. 59 studies were included from 1,275 identified records across different sectors. The evidence revealed a significant level of undernutrition, such as wasting, underweight, and stunting, especially in children across agricultural, brickfield, and construction settlements. Other frequently reported micronutrient-related conditions included iron-deficiency anaemia and vitamin D deficiency. A double burden of malnutrition was reported in several studies, which recorded overweight and obesity as well as undernutrition. Nutritional vulnerabilities, including food insecurity (affecting up to 87% of households), low wages, unstable employment conditions, physically demanding labour, dietary acculturation, gender-specific vulnerabilities, health inequities, and limited healthcare access, were the key determinants of the nutritional vulnerabilities. Findings highlighted migration as a structural determinant of malnutrition, operating through labour precarity, food insecurity, gendered caregiving disruptions, and exclusion from social protection systems. Critical gaps in this review include the predominance of cross-sectional designs and the limited number of intervention-based or longitudinal studies. There was also insufficient focus on mental health-nutrition linkages, left-behind family members, and intervention-based research. Nutrition-specific policies should be included in health programmes for migrant workers to reduce nutritional vulnerabilities and improve their health and well-being.

The goal of this study was to understand which types of lay-led posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorder (SUD) interventions were acceptable to Indigenous college students.

401 Indigenous college students (74.0% women, 18.0% men, 7.6% Two-Spirit, transgender, and non-binary individuals) from North America were recruited as part of a larger study assessing the acceptability of sexual violence interventions for Indigenous college students. Participants reported on their mental health and trauma history, and were randomly assigned to read descriptions of, and evaluate, one lay-led PTSD intervention [written exposure therapy (WET) or narrative exposure therapy (NET)] and one SUD intervention [motivational interviewing (MI) or 12-step programs (ns for complete acceptability data = 180-213)]. Participants also rated the importance of specific intervention elements, including cultural content.

Approximately 40% (41.6%) of participants met criteria for probable PTSD, 37.2% met criteria for probable SUD, and 21.4% met criteria for both probable PTSD and SUD. Most participants (80.0%-86.4%) positively rated each of the four interventions. Participants preferred for interventions to be delivered in college/school settings (70.4%-74.3%) and on Tribal lands/within their community (60.8%-64.6%). Participants also emphasized a strong preference for Indigenous providers (81.9%-89.4%), and cultural content was rated as a moderately important intervention element.

Indigenous college students are highly receptive to different lay-led PTSD and SUD interventions. Findings highlight the need to train Indigenous non-professionals and the importance of both cultural components and intervention components to increase access and acceptability of PTSD and SUD interventions for Indigenous college students.

Bullying is widespread and negatively impacts youth mental health. However, differences between in-person bullying, cyberbullying, and their combination are understudied. To compare the prevalence, clinical presentations, and impairment associated with in-person bullying, cyberbullying, and their combination among depressed youth. Participants were N = 1,281 depressed and/or suicidal youth in Texas aged 8-17 years. Chi-square tests compared bullying prevalence across age, sociodemographic, and identity groups. Multivariate analysis of variance and post-hoc tests compared clinical presentations across forms of bullying experienced. Bullying prevalence differed by age group. Youth who experienced cyberbullying or combined bullying reported greater depression, anxiety, and impairment than non-bullied youth. Prevention and intervention strategies should address the combined effects of in-person and cyberbullying.

This pilot trial evaluated the one-year tolerability of oral N-acetylcysteine (NAC) 1200 mg/day in Parkinson's disease (PD) and explored associations with clinical progression, levodopa dose, and striatal dopamine-transporter imaging. Forty-two patients were randomized to NAC or matching placebo twice daily for 12 months in addition to usual care. Completers (n = 32) were assessed at baseline and 12 months with the original UPDRS parts I-IV, 99mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT, prescribed levodopa dose, and liver/kidney tests. Analyses included paired t-tests, Welch tests of change scores, and linear mixed-effects models with a group × time interaction adjusted for age, sex, and disease duration. No multiplicity correction was applied; results are exploratory. Thirty-two of 42 randomized patients completed both visits. Total UPDRS increased in both groups, but less with NAC than placebo (mean Δ + 5.4 vs. + 9.5 points; difference - 4.1, 95% CI - 7.6 to - 0.5; p = 0.028; mixed-model group × time p = 0.024). Mood-item change also differed (difference - 0.64, 95% CI - 1.17 to - 0.11; p = 0.020). TRODAT binding declined less with NAC (difference in change + 5.5 units, 95% CI 1.7 to 9.3; p = 0.006; group × time p = 0.004). The ≤ 4-year subgroup comprised 9/17 (53%) NAC and 7/15 (47%) placebo participants and showed a similar pattern. Levodopa-dose change was not significant between groups after ANCOVA adjustment for baseline dose, age, sex, and disease duration (adjusted difference - 86 mg/day, 95% CI - 235 to + 64; p = 0.25). Completer laboratory values were stable; discontinuations were not characterized for adverse events. One-year oral NAC was associated with more favorable exploratory clinical and imaging trajectories than placebo. Completer laboratories were unremarkable, but safety cannot be established from completers alone. These data do not establish disease modification and require confirmation in a larger, prospectively powered trial.

Perinatal behavioral health conditions are a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Telehealth can reduce access barriers, but availability of implementation guidance specific to the perinatal period is unknown.

We conducted a comprehensive environmental scan of 71 organizational websites and nine semi-structured clinician interviews to identify clinician-facing telehealth implementation resources geared towards those practicing in the United States.

Twenty organizations (28%) published perinatal telehealth materials; sixteen provided nineteen unique resources specific to perinatal telebehavioral health. Most resources (n = 14) provided broad guidance relevant to the perinatal period, while six addressed prenatal telehealth care. No resources provided postpartum-specific guidance. Interviews revealed mixed perspectives on the adequacy of clinical guidance resources.

Limited and outdated resources, particularly the absence of postpartum‑specific guidance, suggest the need for coordinated, perinatal‑specific telebehavioral health implementation materials.

Transitional care requires effective coordination between hospital and community services to ensure continuity of care and appropriate post-acute rehabilitation pathways. In this context, physiotherapists may contribute to discharge planning through standardized assessment of patients' functional status and rehabilitation needs.

This study aimed to assess patients' functional status at hospital discharge, investigate variability in post-acute care allocation across three hospitals, and explore the contribution of physiotherapist-led functional assessment to hospital-to-community transitional care pathways.

A retrospective observational study was conducted within the Local Health Authority ASL Roma 2 and included patients from three hospitals (Sant'Eugenio, Sandro Pertini, and CTO Andrea Alesini) who required activation of a post-acute care pathway and were assessed by physiotherapists within the Hospital Operations Team (TOH) during 2024. Functional, cognitive, and health-related quality-of-life status were assessed using standardized instruments, including the Barthel Index, Modified Rankin Scale (mRS), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and EQ-5D-5L. Between-hospital differences were assessed using non-parametric tests, while the association between hospital of origin and discharge setting was evaluated using the chi-square test and Cramér's V.

A total of 2,314 patients were included. Home care (ADI) was the most frequent discharge setting in Sant'Eugenio and Sandro Pertini, whereas intensive rehabilitation Code 56) predominated at CTO. Hospital of origin was significantly associated with discharge setting (χ²=893.34, p<0.001; Cramér's V=0.456), indicating substantial between-hospital variability in post-acute care allocation. Significant differences were also observed in age, length of stay, functional independence, cognitive status, and health-related quality of life (all p<0.001). Between-hospital heterogeneity was particularly pronounced for MMSE (ε²=0.365) and EQ-5D-5L index (ε²=0.260). Correlation analyses further showed significant relationships among functional, cognitive, and demographic measures.

Post-acute care allocation differed substantially across the three hospitals and was associated with differences in patient case-mix and hospital-specific organizational characteristics. Physiotherapist-led functional assessment may provide relevant multidimensional information to support discharge planning and the identification of appropriate post-acute rehabilitation pathways. These findings support the integration of physiotherapists within multidisciplinary transitional care teams, while further multicenter studies are needed to determine their specific impact on discharge appropriateness and long-term outcomes.

Children and young people's services in the National Health Service (NHS) are currently undergoing transformation in line with the NHS Long Term Plan and 10 Year Health Plan. These plans highlight the importance of improving access to services, focusing on early intervention and prevention as well as improving quality of care. The aim of this project was to design, deliver and evaluate an online single-session psychoeducational workshop for carers of children without an open referral to local children and young people services. Specifically, the aims of the project were to improve access to services and improve carer knowledge and confidence in supporting their child's emotional wellbeing. In total, 25 single-session workshops were delivered. A registration form was completed by 575 carers and 290 carers (50.43% of those who registered) of 470 children subsequently attended a workshop. Carer knowledge and confidence was measured pre and post attending the workshop. The workshops were found to be effective and feasible. Offering a workshop was associated with increased contact from families of children not known to mental health services and increased carer knowledge and confidence in supporting their child's emotional wellbeing. Next steps include working with carers to further refine the workshop offer and content.

Mobile health (mHealth) tools are increasingly used by people living with HIV (PLWH) to support self-management; however, how different engagement patterns influence health outcomes remains unclear. We conducted a single-arm, quasi-experimental study among 261 PLWH recruited from infectious disease clinics and HIV-related community organizations to evaluate a mobile app designed for health self-management. Participants used the app for four weeks, which included medication tracking, access to health information, journaling on mental and sexual health, and interactive Q&A functions. Latent profile analysis identified three user groups: Basic (60.5%), Knowledge (11.5%), and Active (28.0%) users. Basic users primarily tracked medications, whereas Knowledge users mainly viewed informational content. Active users engaged across features, particularly by journaling about mental and sexual health nearly daily or every other day. Compared with other groups, Active users demonstrated significant improvements in health-related quality of life and eHealth literacy. Frequent self-reflective journaling and attention to sexual well-being were associated with higher engagement and greater improvements in outcomes. Understanding which app features drive user engagement and health benefits can inform optimization of mHealth interventions for PLWH. For those who are adherent to treatment, journaling about emotional and sexual health may enhance quality of life and digital health literacy.

The unregulated drug supply in the United States has become largely unpredictable, with novel substances emerging and impacting the health and wellbeing of people who use drugs (PWUD). In response to this, harm reduction programs have increased funding for community-based drug checking to empower PWUD to learn about their drug supply. However, important implementation questions must be answered to ensure benefits are maximized. Thus, we aimed to create a conceptual framework to help community partners understand the imperative for including PWUD's input on drug checking implementation.

The 5 Senses Framework describes how PWUD use their sensory data (ie, sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing) and embodied sensations to evaluate their drug supply, allowing them to create informal mental archives of drug use experiences and adjust decision-making as needed to keep themselves safe in the future. PWUD's intimate understanding of the drug supply makes them the first drug checkers, and thus important members of drug checking programs. The creation of a structured intake process that reflects the sensory experiences of PWUD may help engage individuals while recognizing their autonomy and foundational knowledge in the drug checking space. Understanding that PWUD are checking their drugs through sensory input and embodied sensations may help programs assess why some people may be hesitant to engage with drug checking more formally. Recognizing that PWUD may have expectations that differ from what existing programs provide is imperative for implementation, access and success. Additionally, PWUD often are part of communities that already share sensory knowledge about drugs. Building upon such networks may expand drug checking programs' community benefit.

Community-based drug checking programs would be wise to incorporate decision-making from PWUD, as they were, and are, the first drug checkers. Including sensory data during drug checking intake would position PWUD as integral team members.

A solid foundation in pain science and evidence-based biopsychosocial approaches is essential for quality pain management. Understanding how health professional students' pain knowledge and attitudes evolve during their studies can guide curriculum development. This study compared pain knowledge and attitudes (a) between first- and final-year undergraduate students in Medicine, Nursing, Pharmacy and Physiotherapy, and (b) among final-year students across these disciplines.

This cross-sectional, observational study recruited students from six Spanish universities. An online survey, which included the Revised Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire (RNPQ) to assess pain knowledge and the Health Care Providers' Pain and Impairment Relationship Scale (HC-PAIRS) to assess pain attitudes and beliefs, was completed by first- and final-year students.

Seven hundred and fifteen students (527 female, 188 male) completed the survey. Comparisons between first and final year students in each discipline showed that Medical and Physiotherapy students improved their scores in both RNPQ (p < 0.001) and HC-PAIRS (p = 0.026 and p < 0.001 respectively). Pharmacy students only showed improvements in RNPQ (RPNQ: p < 0.001; HC-PAIRS: p = 0.313), while Nursing students showed no differences (RPNQ: p = 0.711; HC-PAIRS: p = 0.875). Comparisons between disciplines at final year showed that Physiotherapy and Medicine students scored better than Pharmacy and Nursing students in both RNPQ (p < 0.05) and HC-PAIRS (p < 0.05).

Medical and Physiotherapy students seem to achieve higher pain knowledge and more favourable pain attitudes when compared to Pharmacy and Nursing students. Nursing students did not show improvements in either measure. Our findings highlight the need for longitudinal, interprofessional pain education in Spain.

This multi-center, cross-sectional observational study with a sample of more than 700 students provides important insight into the level of pain knowledge and attitudes among Medicine, Nursing, Pharmacy and Physiotherapy undergraduate students in Spain. Utilizing validated assessment instruments, it identifies significant discipline-specific and year-level differences, offers meaningful findings on gaps in pain education and implications for curriculum development. The observed discipline-specific disparities underscore the need for longitudinal, interprofessional pain education to equip future health professionals for evidence-based pain management.